Functional groups

• Alkanes are a single bonded group of carbons
• Alkenes are a double bonded carbon group

  
• Alkynes are a triple bonded carbon group

  
• Benzene ring

  
• Alkylhaldes are alkanes that have one or more halogen atoms attached to them. ei Cl or Br
• Alcohols have a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the end of the carbon chain.

  
• An ether is an oxygen atom single bound to two different carbon atoms

  
• Aldehydes are just like ketones but the oxygen is at the end

  
• Carboxylic acid is a carboxylic group and an alcohol

  
• Ester functional group is made of three parts, a central carbonyl group, an alkyl group, and an alkoxy group.

  
• An amine generally has a nitrogen with a lone pair.

  
• An Amide has a carboxy group and ends in a nitrogen

  
• Methane only has one carbon

  
• Ethane has two carbons

  
• Propane has three carbons

  
• Butane has four carbons

  
• Pentane has 5 carbons

  
• Hexane has 6 carbons

  
• Heptane has 7 carbons in its chain

  
• Octane has 8 carbons in its chain

  
• Nonane has 9 carbons in its chain

  
• Decane has 10 carbon chain

  
• Ketones have a carboxyl group in between carbons