Speedy Version

• What are laws?

  A set of rules which all must follow
• What are the roles of law?

  Show what is allowed, keep order, ensure fairness
• How do laws affect daily life?

  Must stay in education until 18
• Why are laws needed?

  • Protect the public (e.g., from assault)
  • Ensure fair treatment (prevent discrimination)
  • Respond to new situations (e.g., terrorism, pandemics)
  • Change behavior (deter/rehabilitate criminal law)
  • Settle disputes (e.g., divorce, family laws)
• What is the significance of age limits in law?

  Ensure people are protected and responsible
• What is the age of criminal responsibility in Scotland?

  8 years old
• What is the age of criminal responsibility in England?

  10 years old
• What is the voting age in Scotland during the independence referendum?

  16 years old
• What is the voting age in England?

  18 years old
• What are the legal jurisdictions in the UK?

  • England and Wales share legal jurisdiction
  • Common law system applies to both
  • Scotland has its own legal system based on Roman Law
  • Northern Ireland and Wales have their own Parliaments/Assemblies
• What is common law?

  Decisions made in higher courts apply to lower courts
• What is the third verdict option in Scotland's legal system?

  "Not proven"
• What are the sources of law in the UK?

  • Common Law
  • Legislation (made in Houses of Parliament)
  • EU law (until Brexit)
• What is the purpose of criminal law?

  Protect public from harm
• What is civil law used for?

  • Settle disputes involving rights
  • Examples: workplace disputes, personal injury
• What is the role of the police?

  Keep public safe
• How do police deter crime?

  Through education and patrolling streets
• What powers do police have?

  Stop and search, arrest, enter buildings
• What is the role of judges in court?

  In charge of trials and keep order
• What is the highest punishment magistrates can impose?

  12 months in prison
• What is the role of legal representatives?

  Give advice on law and prepare cases
• What are tribunals?

  • Informal civil law courts
  • Handle issues like employment and immigration
  • Limited powers (fines, compensation)
• What is the duty of a jury in a crown court?

  Decide innocence or guilt beyond reasonable doubt
• What happens if a jury does not attend?

  They can be fined
• What are the rights on arrest?

  1. Right to know the reason for arrest
  2. Right to inform someone of arrest
  3. Right to see a solicitor
  4. Right to medical help if ill
  5. Access to food and toilet breaks
• How does the Youth Justice System differ from the adult system?

  • Right to be accompanied by an adult
  • Caution for minor offences
  • Focus on rehabilitation and education
  • Youth courts are less formal
• What is the aim of the Youth Justice System?

  Prevent young offenders from reoffending
• What are the types of community sentences for young offenders?

  • Referral orders
  • Reparation orders
  • Youth rehabilitation orders
• What factors affect crime rates?

  Unemployment, poverty, family breakdown, drugs
• Why might people not report crimes?

  Embarrassment, fear, lack of confidence in police
• What strategies can reduce crime?

  • Prevention (community policing, education)
  • Protection (CCTV, neighborhood watch)
  • Punishment (deterrence through consequences)
• What is the purpose of punishment in law?

  Reduce crime by deterring actions
• What factors do judges consider when sentencing?

  • Aggravating factors (worsening circumstances)
  • Mitigating factors (lessening circumstances)
• What are the two types of imprisonment?

  Determinate and indeterminate
• What is the most serious offence that leads to imprisonment?

  Murder
• What are the aims of punishment?

  • Deterrence
  • Rehabilitation
  • Retribution
  • Restitution
• Which country has the lowest reoffending rates?

  Norway
• What is the focus of Norway's criminal justice system?

  Rehabilitation of the offender