redo renal *

• when does the urinary system begin to form?

  3rd week
• when do the kidneys begin to function?

  8th week
• when do the fetal kidneys migrate from pelvis to their normal anatomical location?

  9th week
• at what age (in years) do the fetal kidneys migrate from pelvis to their normal anatomical location?

  6 yrs old
• in adults, where are the kidneys located?

  retroperitoneum
• which kidney sits more inferior?

  right kidney
• In relation to the left kidney, the• Left adrenal gland is superior• Spleen, stomach, and pancreas are anterior• Left colic flexure is inferior• Psoas muscle is posterior
• In relation to the right kidney, the:• Right adrenal gland is superiomedial• Liver is superior and anterior• Right colic flexure is inferior• Morison's pouch is anterior
• what are the normal measurements for kidneys?

  9-12 cm x 5-7 cm x 2.5 cm
• when should pathology be suspected in reference to the size of the contralateral kidneys?

  if there's more than a 2 cm difference
• list the layers of the kidneys from superficial to deep:

  paranephric fat

  renal fascia (gerota's fascia)

  perinephric fat

  renal capsule

  renal cortex
• in relation to the renal hilum, list the anatomic position of each vessel:

  renal artery: in between vein and ureter

  renal vein: anterior

  ureter: posterior
• the MRA is the 1st major lateral branches of the aorta
• right MRA courses posterior to the IVC
• the MRA located just inferior to the SMA
• starting at MRA, list the arterial supply in order:

  main renal artery

  segmental artery

  interlobar artery

  arcuate artery

  interlobular artery
• which arteries play a role in supplying blood to the renal nephrons?

  interlobular arteries
• which segment vessels has more segments?

  segmental vein
• label the following:

  :-{D

  A) aorta

  B) ivc

  C) sma

  D) lrv

  E) lt kidney

  F) rt kidney

  G) rrv

  H) rra

  I) lra

  
• the functional unit of the kidney is called?

  nephron
• list the 2 main functions of nephrons

  filter blood

  produce urine
• where are the nephrons located?

  renal cortex
• list the 2 main structures of a nephron

  glomerular capsule

  renal tubules
• where is the glomerular capsule located?

  renal cortex
• where are the renal tubules located?

  renal medulla (pyramids)
• where does blood filtration occur in the kidney?

  renal corpuscle via a series of capillaries called glomerulus
• blood enters through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole
• the glomerulus is surrounded by what structure?

  bowman's capsule
• know the steps:

  The stuff we want to get rid of (filtrate) from the blood goes into the proximal convoluted tubule

  Then, it goes through the Loop of Henle and into the distal convoluted tubules

  Many of these tubules come together to make a collecting tubule that carries urine into the collecting duct and out through the renal papilla
• know the steps:

  As the filtrate moves through the tubules, substances needed by the body can reenter the bloodstream

  Substances not needed by the body are kept in the collecting ducts and form urine
• what is urine composed of?

  excess water (95%)

  urea (3%)

  chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine (1%)
• what 2 locations are juxtaglomerular apparatus located?

  afferent arteriole system

  distal convoluted tubule
• what do juxtaglomerular apparatus cells do?

  regulate blood pressure

  regulate filtration rate
• how many renal pyramids can there be?

  8-18
• how long is the ureter?

  25 cm
• what 3 locations do the ureters contract?

  uteropelvic junction

  across the pelvic brim

  uterovesical junction
• what's the UB?

  large muscular structure that collects urine
• med term for urinating?

  micturition
• what's the male urethra length?

  8 cm
• what's the female urethra length?

  4 cm