ROOTS AND DEVELOPMENT QUIZ 2

• Tradisyunal

  •Nakasulat – document-based

  • Tungkol sa Politika lamang
• Makabago

  • Artifacts, fossils, etc

  • Oral / local history
• LANDBRIDGE THEORY - A land bridge is an isthmus or some other land-based connection between two otherwise disconnected islands or continents

  Hal: Berring Land bridge
• SUNDA LAND - Taiwan route and Borneo route
• WALLACE LINE - a deep sea channel in central Indonesia that separates the fauna of west Indonesia (which is more Asian) from east Indonesia (more Australian). From the east side of the Wallace Line, these people reached New Guinea and Australia, which were also connected by land bridges
• VOLCANIC THEORY - February 1976, Dr. Fritjof Voss, a German scientist who studied the geology of the Philippines, questioned the validity of this theory of land bridges.
• TABON MAN

  • natagpuan sa Tabon cave, Palawan
  • Homo sapiens
  • 22-25.000 BP
  • Malamang ay babae
• Homo Erectus 

  • Cagayan Valley
  • No fossil but
  • Paleolithic tools and Pleistocene fauna
  • 750,000 years
• Stone tools - Mindanao island, Southern Philippines
• AUSTRONESIANS

  • Grupo ng mga taong sinasabing pinagmulan ng mga taong nag-populate sa mga lugar sa SEA, mga isla sa Pasipiko at isla ng Madagascar sa Aprika

  nagmula sa Indo-China
• BARANGAY

  • Mula sa salitang balanghay o sasakyang pandagat
  • Pinamumunuan ng isang lider na kung tawagin ay datu, rajah, lakan,atbp.
  • Binubuo ng 30-100 pamilya
• DATU

  • wisdom
  • Katapangan
  • Kayamanan
  • Karisma
  • namamana - Visayas
• Atubang sa Datu – chief minister
• •Paragahin – collected and recorded tribute and crops
• •Bilanggo – sheriff or constable
• •Paratawag – town crier
• Stages of Society

  1.Hunting and Gathering – nomads

  2.Agriculture – Horticulture, intensive agriculture

  3.Trade and Commerce – domestic and Foreign

  4.Industry

  5.Urbanization
• Trade and Commerce

  •Barter system

  •Mediums of exchange: rice, salt and gold tahil
• Domestic Trade: inter-barangay, inter-island

  • Staple food crops
  • Thread, cloth and clothing
• International Trade: Atlantic to the Pacific 
• Industry

  1.Ironworking

  2.Woodworking

  3.Boatbuilding

  4.Pottery

  5.Gold working

  6.Weaving
• TAGALOG SOCIETY

  1.Maginoo and Datu

  2.Timawa and Maharlika

  3.Alipin

  • Namamahay
  • Sa gigilid
• VISAYAN SOCIETY

  1.Datu

  2.Timawa

  3.Oripun
• Maginoo / Datun

  Tagalog aristocracy or upper class who could claim noble descent

  Family of ruling class
• Timawa

  • Non-slave followers of datu
  • Originally were the illegitimate offspring of datu/maginoon
  • Maharlika – technically less free than timawa
• Bontoc Tattoo - Bontoc Igorot chaklag, ca. 1900. His facial markings indicate his status as a warrior of the highest rank.
• 3. Alipin

  >Namamahay

  >Sa gigilid

  •Namamana

  •Nahuli sa digmaan

  •Pagkakautang

  •Parusa
• PAMUMULUNGAT or PAMAMALAE

  -paninilbihan or bigay-kaya (dowry)

  -panghimuyat – man gives certain   amount of money to parents
• Odd Numbers – follows the father’s social status

  Even Numbers – follows the mother’s social status
• Inheritance and Succession

    - Achieved and Acsribed
• Religion

  1.Animism

  2.Islam

  •Bathala

  •Diwata

  •Anito

  •Likha/Larawan

  •Babaylan/Katalonan
• Pag-uli

  •Graveyards outside the village limits, near upstream rivers or seacoasts

  •Caves

  •Small islands – Homonhon
• Afterlife

  •Manunggul jar

  •For adults

  •Babies –reincarnated 9 times
• An ancient Austronesian manuscript known as Baybayin
• Islam sa Mindanao

  • Muslim Traders
  • Missionaries
  • Teachers
• Sulu:

  • 1380, an Arab teacher, Mukdum,   arrived in Sulu from the Malay   peninsula to preach Islam. He built the   first mosque in Simunul, Sulu.
  • Around 1390, he was followed by Raja Baginda, a minor ruler of Menangkabaw, Sumatra.
• •1450, Abu Bakr, a Muslim scholar, came to Sulu and married Paramisuli, the daughter of Raja Baginda. After Baginda died, Abu Bakr established a sultanate form of government with himself as sultan. Islam then spread rapidly to all parts of Sulu.
• Serif Kabungsuan was responsible for the spread of Islam in Mindanao. He led a force of Muslim Samals from Jahore that conquered the natives of what is now Cotabato and converted them to Islam. He also married into an influential family and founded the first sultanate of Mindanao, with himself as head.