Purposive Communication

• Man cannot not communicate.
• Communication is very powerful.
• Everything created by the great Creator is incessantly engaged in various forms of communication.
• We are always engaged in almost all sorts of communication.
• Communication is something continuous and may not have a definite end.
• Communication is a human act of sending (verbal or non-verbal) and receiving messages where interpretations are normally constructed in the process.
• (Oetzel, 2009 : 11) Communication is a process where people create and transmit meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in a particular context.
• Contexts is the circumstances or environment in which communication takes place.
• Context includes

  1. Settings or environment - family, school, workplace, and religious communities
• Context includes:

  2. Social Relationships - friends, husband and wife, parent-child, colleagues/boss subordinate in the office
• Context includes:

  3. Scenes which include place, time, and occassion - meetings, job interviews, social gathering parties, weddings, etc.
• Context includes:

  4. Culture - history, tradition, beliefs, norms, and values
• Elements of communication: sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, environment, and interference
• (Elements of Communication)

  1. Sender - source of data.

  Must be able to use the language that the receiver understands

  -Phonetics

  -Choice of words or jargon for an appropriate audience

  -Sentence construction

  -Discourse competence
• (Elements of Communication)

  2. Message - communication is delivered through a message sent by the speaker to the receiver.

  -What needs to be communicated.

  -The reason behind the interaction
• (Elements of Communication)

  3. Channel - the means of communication. The choice of channel may depend on the availability, practicality, and its impact to the receiver
• (Elements of Communication)

  4. Receiver - the person who receives the transmitted message. Must have good listening and comprehension skills.
• (Elements of Communication)

  5. Feedback - essential to confirm recipient understanding. The response or reaction of the receiver after perceiving or understanding the message.
• (Elements of Communication) Environment - the sender and receiver's feelings, mood, place, and mindset. Both sender and receiver have to consider the setting where communication takes place. This factor may also hinder effective communication where barriers may interfere such as noise from the buses or poor signal in phone calls.
• (Elements of Communication) Interference or barriers - prevent effective communication. These are factors that hinder the communication process.
• Types of Interference: a. Psychological barriers - thoughts that hamper the interpreted message received by the receiver such as dizziness of the listener while the teacher lectures or when the listener is preoccupied with some other things while listening to the speaker.
• Types of Interference : b. Physical barriers - stimuli from the environment that disrupt communication, wheather or climate conditions and physical health of the communicator.
• Types of Interference: c. Linguistic and cultural barriers - word differences are present in different cultures which may result in ineffective communication.
• Types of Interference: d. Mechanical barriers - interferences that affect channels to transmit the message such as poor signal or low battery consumption of mobile phones while calling.
• Communication Models seek to show the main elements of any structure or process and the relationship between these elements.
• Three types of communication models:

  Linear model - a type of communication where someone sends a message without getting any feedback from the receiver of the message.
• Three types of communication model:

  Interactive model - refers to the actual process of communication as messages are sent back and forth between the sender and receiver.
• Three types of communication model:

  Transactional model - refers to the continuous exchange of information where both the sender and receiver are involved in the process and take turns to communicate messages.
• Aristotle Model of Communication

  • earliest model that structures how public speaking is undergone
  • in this model, Aristotle identified the five elements that compose the communication process which are the speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect
  • speaker-centered which results the audience as passive
• Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication

  • a model consisting of basic elements such as source, encoder, medium, decoder, receiver, and noise
  • describes the way in which information flows from a sender to a receiver
  • In contrast, a transaction is a model which describes both the sender and the receiver engaging simultaneously
• Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

  • explained as a model where communication between the sender and receiver occurs in a circular rather than a linear way
  • being a circular communication model implies that both the sender and receiver continually share information and ideas
• Processes and Principles of Effective Communication

  Good communication is crucial in relationships. When you work on improving how you communicate, it brings a lot of advantages.

  "Say What You Mean"
• Types of Communication

  Nonverbal Communication - any form of communication that is not transmitted through spoken words
• Types of Communication

  Verbal Communication - communication that occurs through spoken word
• Types of Communication

  Visual Communication - the transfer of communication to a person in a format that can be read or viewed
• Types of Communication

  Written Communication - involves the use of words, sentences, and paragraphs in order to communicate
• Types of Communication

  Generally, we categorize communication into the four main mediums of communication: verbal, nonverbal, written, and visual
• Effective communication

  • is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, opinions, knowledge, and data so that the message is received and understood with clarity and purpose
  • dependent on how rich those ideas are, and how much of those ideas are retained in the process
• To be an effective communicator, several skills have to be utilized. Which skill one chooses greatly varies and is dictated by the situation, the content or the actual information a person needs or wants to convey, and the intended recipient of that information
• Audience Analysis

  • refers to anyone who is expected to receive the message you are sending