Developmental psychology PYDPA2-11

• Brain growth occurs rapidly during infancy and early childhood, with synaptic pruning occurring later on.
• The development of the brain is influenced by genetics, environment, and experience.
• Sucking Reflex - Sucks thumb/finger
• Rooting Reflex - Turn head towards touch or sound
• Rooting Reflex - Turn head to breast or bottle
• Grasping Reflex - Grasps object placed in hand
• Rooting Reflex - Turn head to touch
• Stepping Reflex - Steps when held upright
• Babinski Reflex - Toe extends on stimulation
• Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) - Head turns to one side, arm extends on same side, leg bends on opposite side
• Rothbart’s Dimensions of Temperament

  1. surgency/extroversion
  2. negative affect
  3. effortful control
• Negative Affect is the tendency to experience negative emotions such as fear, anger, sadness, frustration, guilt, shame, disgust, and contempt.
• Effortful Control is the ability to regulate attention, inhibit impulses, delay gratification, and maintain focus.
• Temperament is an individual's characteristic pattern of behavioral responses that are biologically based and relatively stable across situations and time.
• Surgency/Extroversion involves high levels of activity, positive emotionality, and sociability.
• The three dimensions of temperament include Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Surgency/Extraversion.
• Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), preoperational stage (2-7 years), concrete operational stage (7-11 years), formal operational stage (11+ years).
• High scores on Extraversion indicate outgoing, sociable children who enjoy being around others.