Lecture 1

• Zhang HE - Chinse voyager
• Zhang HE shows:

  . China as a leading world power

  . An alternative to predatory European colonialism

  . Anticipates Chinas declared policy of a 'peaceful rise'
• Purpose of Zhang HE voyages:

  . No territorial control but recognition of Ming emperor

  . Tribute in exchange for presents

  . Foreign envoys, trade

  . Military functions - overcome resistance, action against pirates