genbio

• Anatomy:

  • Anatomy focuses on the structure and organization of cells, tissues, organs, and systems
  • It involves the study of the relationship between body parts
• Physiology:

  • Physiology is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things and how each body part functions
  • It ranges from molecular and cellular levels to organ and system levels
• Form Fits Function:

  • Habitat plays a role in the specific parts that organisms have, enabling them to live and survive (adaptation)
  • The structure of an organism is important for its function, such as the strength and ability of a bone to support the body
• Interdependent:

  • Homeostasis is the tendency for an organism or cell to maintain a constant internal environment within a tolerance limit
  • It involves internal equilibrium and stability, allowing the body to adjust to physiological processes through a self-regulating process
• Feedback Mechanism:

  • Common variables include body temperature, blood glucose level, blood pH level, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
  • Stimulus is what the senses are able to detect and can cause a change in the body
• Negative Feedback:

  • The response of the system counteracts the input to maintain homeostasis
  • Examples include mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation to cool the body down when body temperature rises above the set point
• Positive Feedback:

  • The response of the system amplifies or reinforces the change, pushing the system away from its original state
  • Examples include platelets adhering to damaged blood vessels and releasing chemicals to attract more platelets, amplifying the clotting process
• Case Studies (Examples):

  • Breastfeeding / Lactation
  • Blood Glucose Regulation
  • Labor
  • Regulation of Water Balance
  • Thermoregulation
• Thermoregulation:

  • It involves the regulation of body temperature through processes like sweating and shivering
  • Endotherms primarily rely on internal metabolic heat production to regulate body temperature, while ectotherms rely on external sources of heat
• Response to Heat:

  • In response to heat, mechanisms like sweating and vasodilation are activated to regulate body temperature and increase blood flow
• Response to Cold:

  • In response to cold, mechanisms like shivering and vasoconstriction are activated to conserve heat and maintain core temperature
• Senses are able to detect anything that can cause change related to the body being sensitive
• Receptor detects change and sends an input to the brain
• Afferent Pathway brings information from the body to the central nervous system
• Control Center is in the hypothalamus, regulating homeostasis by producing hormones
• Effector is an organ or tissue that receives information from the integrating center
• Effector acts to bring about the changes needed to maintain homeostasis
• Efferent Pathway is the response to change