Entomology

• Phylum Arthropoda - has jointed foot
• Phylum Arthropoda Body Plan:

  • Elongate, bilaterally symmetrical body
  • Segmented body
  • With paired jointed appendages
  • Chitinous exoskeleton (chitin)
  • Open-type circulatory system (dorsal blood vessels)
  • Dorsal brain and ventral ganglionated
• • Ostium/Ostia are the tiny slits where blood enters then pump in the open-end
• • Hemolymph are the blood of insects and only carries nutrients
• • Spiracles are where oxygen flows
• Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Body Plan

  • Has 3 lobes/regions
  • Tri (3) + lobito (lobes)
  • Are now all extinct
• Subphylum Myriapoda

  Body Plan

  • Has many foot
  • Myria (many) + poda (foot)
  • Centipede
  • Each segment has one pair of legs
  • They are predators
  • Millipede
  • Each segment has two pairs of legs
  • They are herbivores
  • They release a foul smell from their fart after they curl around as their defense mechanism
• Subphylum Chelicerata:

  • Body Plan includes chelicerae or fangs
  • Examples: spiders, ticks, and mites
  • Fangs are located in the middle
  • Pedipalp are located on the side of the fangs
  • Male spiders have mittens
• Class Arachnida:

  • Has four pairs of legs (8 legs in total)
  • Has a pair of pedipalps and chelicerae
  • No antenna and wings
  • Body divided into two tagmata (segments):
  • Cephalothorax (Prosoma): Head and thorax
  • Abdomen (Opisthosoma): Behind body
  • The waist of a spider is called pedicel
  • Spiders have prosoma and opisthosoma
  • Mites have gnathosoma and idiosoma
  • Mites are parasites
  • Gnathosoma: jaw
  • Idiosoma: fusion of thorax and abdomen
• Subphylum Crustacea

  • Body Plan
  • Has head and thorax called carapace
  • Has abdomen
  • Biramous appendages branch
  • Compound eyes on long stalk
  • Has 2 pairs of antennae
  • Examples includes shrimp,crabs, barnacles (longest penis)
• Subphylum Hexapoda

  • Body Plan
  • Has 6 legs (hexapoda)
  • ex:Insects, protura, diplura, collembola
  • Protura = supermanlike
  • Diplura = has 2 antenna
  • Collembola = springtails(has focula)
  • They have entognata
  • Fangs is found in a natal pouch
• Reasons Why Insects Survived

  Most insects have wings

  Adaptations

  Eat anything

  Large reproductive capacity
• Insects are invertebrates having the characteristics of three body segmentations and three pairs of legs.
• The body segments are divided into three regions or tagmata

  • head
  • thorax
  • abdomen
• head

  • the anteriormost part of the body.
  • It comprises a series of segments, which are specialized for food gathering and manipulation, sensory perception, and neural integration
  • Acquisition of signals and feedings
• head

  antennae

  compound eye

  simple eye

  mouthpart
• antennae


  smells surroundings
• compound eye

  • Functional eye called ommatidia
  • For vision
  • Has multiple eyes
• simple eye

  • Called ocellus (plural, ocelli)
  • 2 Lateral ocellus (upper)
  • 1 Median ocelli (down)
  • Daily activities that affect their living
• parts of antenna


  scape,pedicel, flagellum
• scape


  base that is attached to the head capsule
• pedicel


  attached to the scape; 2nd segment
• flagellum

  all the remaning segments
• the mouthparts


  labrum

  mandibles

  maxillae

  labium

  hypopharynx

  epipharynx
• labrum

  upper lip
• mandibles

  teeth
• maxillae


  pincers, used to steady and manipulate food
• labium

  lower lip
• hypopharynx


  tongue-like structure inside the mouth
• epipharynx


  sensory lobe of the inner side of the labrum
• thorax

  • Is the second region of the insect body
  • It bears the locomotory organs such as the legs and the pairs of wings.
• 3 parts of thorax

  prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax
• nota

  dorsal sclerites
• pleura


  lateral sclerites
• sterna

  ventral sclerites
• forelegs

  located in prothorax
• midlegs


  located on mesothorax
• hindlegs


  located on metathorax
• 5 segments of legs

  coxa

  trochanter

  femur

  tibia

  tarsus

  claws
• pterothorax

  wing-bearing segments