UCSP

• Sociology- highlights the external influences
• social force- any human created way of doing things that influence, pressure or force people to behave
• August Comte coined the term "sociology"/ father of sociology
• Emile Durkheim formalized sociology as a new science/discipline which he use the case of suicide
• Anthropology underlies the role of cultural structure in organizing human interactions
• social diversity refers to the gaps but people as measure by the presence or absence
• social stratifications/ social inequality- socially defined categories of persons endursult of social diversity
• nerit system reward & punishment system
• scribes of culture colonizers way to subjugate the native cultures
• ethnography research designed/method were people are observed in their natural environment
• cultural diversity range of diff. origins
• political science zeroes in power relations
• power relation are form of interactions mediated by the use of deployment
• social change changes that takes place in human relations and interactions
• political dynasty- reflects the durability of certain cultural and political practices
• transnational families- pattern of family relations
• youth volunteerism - personal expression of a political principle
• social labels - attached to the members of society and gender
• values- collectivity's principle or standards of behaviour
• belief- something one accepts as true
• SOCIAL REALITIES:

  Behavior and Phenomenon

  Manan Habit

  Food Tabos

  Lagay

  Padrino system

  same sex partnership
• society was coined by social scientist to facilitate their exploration of social phenomena. formally defines as constituting a fairly large number of people who are living in the same territory.
• social forces and social facts are the mechanics of operation of society as a factual entity
• We can liken to a deity (God) with triparite powers: omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresent
• THREE THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES:

  structural functionalism - looks on social "order" that society is made possible by cooperation. View sees society as a system with parts

  conflicts theory- marxism influence is seen in society as an arena. gladiators fighting for their very lives. conflict as something positive and advantageous

  symbolic interactionism- explores the issues of meaning-making and why this is crucial in understanding order
• rules are guides in the performance of roles and in everyday actions and interactions. mundane and daily actions are guided by these unseen rules
• culture is a central concept of anthropology, encompassing the range of phenomena
• material culture is physical expression of culture such as technology, architecture and art.
• immaterial culture - aspects of culture such as the principles of social organization, mythology, philosophy, lit. , and science make up the intangible human heritage of society.
• mass culture refer to the mass produced and mass-mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th cen.
• Multiculturalism concept that values the peaceful co existence and mutual respect between diff. cultures inhabiting the same territory.
• the how of culture - refers to the process that guarantee the transmission of the contents
• the why of culture -refers to the reasons for compliance and the mechanics that facilitates performance
• kluckhohn and kelly define it as "a culture is a historically derived system of explicit and implicit design for living, which tends to be shared by all or specially designed members of a group"
• explicit culture refers to similarities in words and actions which can be directly observed
• implicit culture exist in abstract forms which are not quite obvious
• three essences of culture as a system: 1. super organic, 2. integrated, 3. pervasive
• ethnocentrism- refers to the tendency of each society to place its own patterns at the center of things
• cultural relativism is the ideal that all norms, beliefs and values are dependent on their cultural context and should be treated such
• xenocentrism refers to a preference for the foreign