Alcohol reactions

• Anaerobic Respiration:

  Glucose(aq) --> Ethanol(aq) + Carbon dioxide(g)

  Conditions:

  1. Yeast
  2. 25-35C
• Addition Reaction: General Equation: Alkene + Steam --> Alcohol

  Conditions:

  1. Phosphoric (V) acid catalyst
  2. 300C
  3. 60 atm pressure
• Combustion reaction:

  General Equation: Alcohol + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water

  Conditions: Ignire in air/oxygen
• Oxidation reaction:

  General Equation: Alcohol + Oxygen --> Carboxylic Acid + Water

  Conditions:

  Acidified potassium manganate (VII) + heat (for fast reaction)

  or

  Bacterial oxidation in air (for slow reaction)

  Example: C2H5OH + 2[O] --> CH3COOH + H2O

  [O] to show oxygen came from oxidising agent or air
• Test for alcohol: Oxidising agent (containing sulfuric acid)

  Result: Colour change

  
  

  Acidified (Using H2SO4) Potassium Manganate(VII):

  Purple to Colourless

  
  

  Acidified (using H2SO4) Potassium Dichromate(VI)

  Orange to Green
• Esterification reaction:

  General Equation: Carboxylic acid + Alcohol --> Ester + Water

  Conditions:

  1. Concentrated Sulfuric acid (dehydrating agent to remove water)
  2. Heat under reflux