Science

• A physical change is a change in which no new substance is formed.
• Chemical changes can involve the release or absorption of energy.
• The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
• Solids have fixed shapes and volumes, while liquids take on the shape of their container but keep the same volume.
• Matter can be transferred between different states through heating (melting/boiling) or cooling (freezing/condensing).
• Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
• Heating causes solids to melt into liquids and liquids to boil into gases.
• Cooling causes gases to condense into liquids and liquids to freeze into solids.
• When water is heated, it absorbs heat energy until it reaches its boiling point at 100°C.
• Cooling causes liquids to freeze into solids and gases to condense back into liquids.
• The temperature range where a substance exists as both gas and liquid is called the boiling point.
• The temperature range where a substance exists as both solid and liquid is called the melting point.