STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

• ASTM means?

  American Society of Materials and Testing
• NSCP means?

  National Structural Code of the Philippines
• AISC means?

  American Institute of Steel Construction
• ACI means?

  American Concrete Institute
• This means the extent to which the element is able to resist deformation or deflection under the action of an applied forces.

  stiffness
• it is the resistance offered by a structure to undesirable movement like sliding, collapsing and overturning.

  stability
• it refers to the rigidity of a structural element.

  stiffness
• it is the ability of an object to withstand a stress without breaking.

  strength
• what are the design properties?

  strength, stiffness, and stability
• what are the materials used in structural desgin?

  steel, timber or wood, concrete, masonry, and composites
• what are the load path?

  floor=beams-girders-columns-foundation-soil / bedrock
• what are the loads in structures

  dead loads, live loads, impact, window load, rain load, earthquake loads, hydrostatic and soil pressure, and load combinations
• what are the phases of a typical structural engineering project

  pre-construction phase, construction phase, and operations and maintenance
• and analysis of the structure in order to determine the stresses or stress resultant in the members and the deflection at various points of the structure

  structural analysis
• involves determination of all the loads that can be expected to act on the structure.

  estimation of loads
• sizes of the various members of the structural system selected in the planning phase are estimated based on approximate analysis, past experience, and code requirements.

  preliminary structural design
• usually involves the establishment of the functional requirements of the proposed structure, the general layout and dimensions of the structure, consideration of the possible types of structures

  planning
• what are the phases of a typical structural engineering project?

  planning phase, preliminary structural design, estimation of loads, and structural analysis
• The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing frames carries the lateral loads.

  braced frames
• It is used in suspension bridges, tension leg offshore platforms, transmission lines, and several other engineering applications.

  cables
• a ___________ might transfer loads from a

  ceiling, floor or roof slab or from beam floor or foundations.

  column
• is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground, transferring loads from the structure to the grounds.

  foundation
• a really strong structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure

  braced frames
• are flexible structures that support the applied transverse

  loads by the tensile resistance developed in its members

  cables
• composes of decks or slabs supported by joists and girders.

  floor structure
• composes of roof beams, rafters, joists, and trusses.

  roof structure
• a curved structural form that carries loads around

  an opening, transferring them around the profile of the arch to

  abutments, jambs or piers on either side.

  arches
• a structural element which is characterized

  by a three-dimensional solid whose thickness is very

  small when compared with other dimensions.


  plates
• is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis.

  beams
• a vertical structural member intended to transfer a compressive load

  columns
• what are the elements of the structures?

  columns, beams, plates, arches, roof structure, floor structure, cables, braced frames, and foundation
• example of non-building structures

  bridges, tunnels, dams, and towers
• how does the building structures different from the non-building structures?

  building structures are designed for continuous human occupation
• examples of building structures?

  houses, skyscrapers, office buildings, warehouses, factory, schools, hospitals, and anything designed for continuous human occupation
• A system designed to resist or support loading and dissipate energy.

  structure
• what does structural engineers do?

  designer, consultant, inspector, and demolitions
• what does structural engineers do?

  design roof framing, floor framing, arches, columns, braces, frames, foundations, and walls
• Engineers design the structure, for what?

  resist the forces from the gravity
• According to the who, "if a structure

  was a human body, then the architect would be considered with

  the body shape and appearance, and the structural engineer

  would be concerned with the skeleton and sinews".

  Institution of Structural Engineers
• who is the engineer behind the (Gateway Arch).

  Eoro Saarinen