Genes

• Genes are functional units of heredity made of DNA
• Chromosomes are made of DNA containing many genes
• Each gene comprises a particular set of instructions for a specific function or protein-coding
• Genes are responsible for heredity
• There are about 30,000 genes in each cell of the human body
• DNA present in the gene comprises only 2 percent of the genome
• William Bateson introduced the term genetics in 1905
• Wilhelm Johannes coined the term GENE in 1909, symbolizing hereditary
• Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes
• Traits are determined by one or more genes
• Abnormal genes and new mutations can result in certain traits
• Genes vary in size depending on the code or protein they produce
• All cells in the human body contain the same DNA
• Differences between cells occur due to different types of genes being turned on
• Genes come in pairs, similar to chromosomes
• Each parent passes one copy of genes to their child
• Genes control the functions of DNA and RNA
• Proteins are essential materials in the human body, controlled by genes
• Proteins are building blocks for muscles, connective tissue, and skin
• Enzymes produced by proteins conduct various chemical processes in the body
• Protein synthesis, controlled by genes, is responsible for all body activities
• Genes consist of specific instructions for functions, like the globin gene producing haemoglobin