3_Zygote to Gastrulation

• 2 parts of female avian reproductive system

  ovary, oviduct
• which side of ovary and oviduct are developed in functional in avians

  left
• has both left and right ovaries developed, but only left oviduct is developed

  kiwi
• follicles of various sizes and developmental stages in left ovary

  quiescent primordial, pre - hierarchical growing; yolk - filled
• how long does 3-5mm growth take

  3 days
• how long does 5-8mm growth take

  2 days
• parts of female poultry reproductive tract

  infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina
• length of infundibulum

  9 cm
• time spent in infundibulum

  18 mins
• functions of infundibulum

  engulf yolk; reservoir for spermatozoa; fertilization
• largest portion of female poultry reproductive tract

  magnum
• length of magnum

  33 cm
• function of magnum

  adds albumen (40 %)
• length of isthmus

  10 cm
• function of isthmus

  adds albumin & inner and outer shell membrane
• length of uterus

  10 - 12 cm
• function of uterus

  adds shell; deposits pigment
• how much calcium comes from mother's bone

  47
• brown color in chicken egg

  porphyrin
• muscular portion of reproductive tract

  vagin
• length of vagina

  12 cm
• function of vagina

  adds cuticle; expels egg during ovipostion
• 4 types of follicle

  primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary
• during the first five months of development, a finite number of primordial follicles are formed in fetal ovary
• primordial follicles are surrounded by

  single layer of squamous follicular cells
• primordial follicles remain in the process of (division)

  meiosis I
• when does primordial follicles develop into primary follicles

  puberty
• thin band of glycoproteins that separates the oocyte and follicular cells

  zona pellucida
• first histological stage

  early primary follicle
• the central oocyte of early primary follicle is surrounded by

  single layer of cuboidal follicular cells
• reached when the follicular cells proliferate into a stratified epithelium known as the zona granulosa

  late primary follicle
• characteristic feature that distinguishes secondary from primary follicles is the appearance of

  follicular antrum within the granulosa layer
• antrum contains fluid rich in

  hyaluronan; proteoglycans
• secondary follicle has increase in cell layers of zona granulosa, thicker zona pellucida, larger oocyte
• composes the layer of cells outside the secondary follicle

  theca interna
• theca interna contributes to the production of

  estrogen
• stage after the first meiotic division has completed but before ovulation

  graafian follicle
• graafian follicle is characterized by a large follicular antrum that makes up most of the follicle
• selective follicles mature at each cycle in response to

  follicle stimulating hormone
• A series of cell division which immediately after fertilization, follow upon one another in close succession

  cleavage