Changing Places

• Locale: shaped by the people, cultures and customs within it
• Sense of place: subjective and emotional attachment people have to a place
• localism: an affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place
• regionalism: consciousness of, and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shares similarities (e.g Cornwall)
• Nationalism: loyalty and devotion to a nation, which creates a sense of national consciousness
• A descriptive Approach: the world is divided into a set of places, each one is different and can be studied separately- focuses on physical features
• A Social Constructionist Approach: reason why something was built
• A Phenomenological Approach: someones individual relationship with a place
• Topophilia: sense of place which is individual to each person- positive
• Topophobia: the dread or fear felt for a certain place
• glocalisation: when TNCs have to adapt to the local traditions and customs of a local area
• placelessness: when multiple areas look the same but like nowhere in particular
• insider: someone who feels like they belong and welcome in a place
• Outsider: someone who doesn't feel welcome in a place
• race: based on biological and physical characteristics such as skin colour
• ethnicity: belonging to a social group which has national or cultural traditions
• The Transition Town Movement:

  community led and work for a future which is low-carbon and socially just.

  response to climate change and globalisation

  grow food, community owned breweries, bakeries, street projects, sustainable energy
• Project for Public Spaces:

  • community powered public spaces
  • partnerships with corporations and foundations that provide funding and technical assistance
• Placemaking: when a community comes together to create areas which have value to the community. creates a sense of belonging
• place is made up by: uses and activities (local businesses, land-use, property values); comfort and image (green, clean, walkable, historic); access and linkage (walkable, convenient proximity); sociability (pride, welcoming, street life, diverse)
• Bodmin:

  • Castle Canyke or Berry Tower may have been start- woods for shelter, river camel, in dip
  • In migration from London
  • Into Bodmin- Finn Irwin- fill empty shops with activities
  • Border town- between home and clone at risk of placelessness
  • endogenous factors: jail- outside investment, in-migration, festivals, globalisation- Polish, Portuguese, KFC
  • Exogenous factors: A30- access, central Cornwall
• Homogenised: the process of making things uniform or similar leading to placelessness
• Brick Lane:

  Tower Hamlets London

  continuous change in culture and religion- globalisation

  Cereal Killer cafe: 2015 anti-gentrification protest Alan+Garry Keery

  Social Landlord Eastend Homes- gentrification- demolishing ex-council estates and replace with flats to sell on private market

  communities being split up due to increasing property value
• Gentrification: the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process
• governmental policies (regeneration schemes) can affect sense of place- new businesses and trigger multiplier effect
• external forces change sense of place: government policies, industrial accidents (Chernobyl), decisions of TNCs (loss of jobs if relocate production), international or global institutions (aid after hazard), terrorism (New York 911), conflict
• Medellin:

  Colombia

  • Sergio Fajardo- mayor 2004-08, invest in the people- cable car from favelas to city for jobs
  • 'hot spot' strategy- resources focused on higher crime rates
  • Pablo Escobar- gangs, drugs, high crime rate and violence death 1993
  • rebranding- art museums, innovative and stainable city most innovative city 2013
  • improving quality of life, high inequality between rich and poor, still high crime- kidnapping and robbery
  • endogenous: mining- oil, metal, mineral resources
  • exogenous: coffee plants huge exporter of coffee but plants not endogenous to Colombia
• Belfast: change with civil unrest

  • rebranding-quarters, titanic museum, one of biggest brownfield re-development sites in Europe
  • capital of Northern Ireland- east of Ireland
  • Forth Meadow Community Greenway: encourages people in different areas to mix, increased tourism, 12km route, safe public spaces, £5.1 million, parks and wildlife areas
  • social tension between protestants and Catholics- the Troubles 1960s- 1990s Good Friday 1998
  • Laganside Corporation: government body formed in 1998, regenerate area around River Lagan, needed regeneration due to decline in ship building industry
• Place marketing: marketing or public relations companies may be employed by national and local government to improve or create positive perceptions of place
• Urban rebranding: Re-imaging (discards negative perceptions), rebranding (make place desirable), regeneration (long term physical change)
• experienced place: a place that has been visited by the person so they have an understanding
• media place: people have read about or seen in a film