Definitions of Abnormality

• Statistical infrequency

  Numerically unusual characteristic or behaviour measured on a bell curve

  IQ below 70 is part of the diagnosis of IDD

  +useful in diagnosis and assessment

  -some unusual characteristics would not be judged abnormal
• Deviation from social norms

  Social judgements about what is acceptable

  Norms are culture-specific

  +real world application, used for diagnoses

  -cultural and situational relativism, different standards within different societies
• Failure to function adequately

  Inability to cope with demands of everyday life

  Rosenhan & Seligman listed signs

  e.g.non-conformity to social rules, personal distress

  +represents a threshold for help

  -may lead to judgement and discrimination
• Deviation from ideal mental health

  Jahoda considered normality rather than abnormality

  e.g.lack of symptoms, rationality, self actualisation

  +a comprehensive definition

  -may be culture bound

  -unrealistic standards