Endo

• endocrine system - secretes hormones that control activities such as metabolism, reproduction, growth, and development
• target cells - specific sites affected by the hormones
• the circulatory system assist in transporting theses hormones
• hypothalamus and pituitary gland - oxytocin - peptide - promotes milk ejection, labor and storage
• pituitary gland - prolactin - lactation
• pituitary gland - FSH - maturation and production of estrogen, sperm production
• pituitary gland - LH - ovulation and production of estrogen and progesterone, sperm production
• thyroid gland - calcitonin - regulate blood calcium levels through uptake by bone
• pancreas - insulin - reduce blood sugar level
• pancreas - glucagon - increase blood sugar level
• adrenal glands - epinephrine and norepinephrine - short term stress response, increase blood sugar level, regulate blood pressure, increase heart rate and blood diversion
• gonads (testes) - androgen - reproductive maturation and sperm production
• gonad (ovaries) - estrogen - reproductive maturation and menstrual cycle
• gonads (ovaries) - progesterone - regulation of menstrual cycle and maintains pregnancy
• pineal gland -melatonin - circadian rhythm
• Negative feedback system - keep homeostasis, too much of one hormone, sense - release - regulate
• Positive feedback - additional release of a hormone, not looking to reach homeostasis
• Types of hormones

  1. Stimulating - produces, trigger, create
  2. Regulating - stabilize, balancing, stop, hold
• Fight or flight response - sympathetic - keep brain alert and body ready for action
• Adrenal medulla - release the emergency or stress hormones
• insulin - prevents glucose from rising

  glucagon - from falling too low
• glycemic index - how a particular food affects blood glucose levels
• endocrine disorders - overproduction or underproduction a hormone
• Pituitary gland

  • control other endo gland
  • secretes hormones
  • metabolism
  • reproduction and blood pressure
• Hypothalamus

  • maintain homeostasis
  • influence thirst, hunger, sleep and alertness
  • regulates involuntary mechanism like blood pressure, body temp and heart rate
• Pineal gland

  • regulates sleep cycle
• Thyroid gland

  • regulate metabolism
  • growth
  • development
• Adrenal gland

  • regulate metabolism
  • blood pressure
  • immune system
• Pancreas

  • influence digestion
  • glucose control
• Ovaries / Testes

  • influence fertility
  • sexual development