Conphilarts

• Earliest forms of ritual before colonization:

  • Mayvanuvanua (Batanes): ritual that opens the fishing season of DIBANG (flying fish)
  • Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative Region): officiated by a shaman or mumbaki, involves animal sacrifice and divination
  • Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao): ritual for abundance during rice planting and harvesting
  • Tagbanwa (Palawan): shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing
• Ethnic musical instruments:(before colonization)

  • Kudyapi: a three-stringed guitar used for courtship
  • Kulintang: an array of bossed gongs used for celebratory occasions
  • Gangsa: flat gong used in the Cordillera region
  • Agong (Agung): a large bossed gong heard in various occasions
• Native dance forms:

  • Pangalay (Sulu): mimetic dance of seabirds
  • Kinabua of Mandaya: swooping movements imitating the movements of an eagle
  • Banog-banog (Higaonon and B'laan): courtship dance portraying the flight of birds
  • Man-manok (Bagobos): imitate the movements of predatory birds
  • Talip (Ifugaos): courtship dance mimetic of the movements of wild fowls
  • Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas (T’boli): represent the comedic movements of a monkey
  • Tinikling (Tagalog): evocative of the movements of a crane balancing itself on stilt-like legs
• Carving:

  • Bulul (Cordillera): granary god that plays an important role in rituals
  • Hagabi (Ifugao): wooden bench marking socio-economic status
  • Sarimanok: stylized design of a bird, legendary bird of the Maranao people
  • Naga: elaborate mythical serpent or dragon
  • Pako Rabong: stylized growing fern
  • Manunggul Jar: excavated in Manunggul Cave Lipunan Point Palawan
  • Santos: carved by Christianized communities in Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga
  • Okir: geometric and flowing designs on Maranao artworks
• Textile weaving:

  • Pis syabit: headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu
  • Malong: tapestry panels called langkit woven by the Maranao
  • Tepo Mat: colorful double-layered mat of Sama of Tawi-Tawi
  • Ovaloid Baskets: made of nito and bamboo, used as a head sling
  • Bubo: fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the Ilocos region
• Islamic influence:

  • Islam well entrenched in Southern Philippines
  • Notion of Tawhid emphasizes impermanence of nature and greatness of divine Being
  • Interior of mosques covered with elaborate patterning
  • Islamic forms inclined to project, grow, or have an upward orientation
  • Luhul or canopy inspired by the tree of life
• Spanish colonial art:

  • Plaza Complex: office and church designed following the shape of the Latin cross
  • Cruciform Churches: Following the shape of the Latin cross churches were built
  • Baroque Style: Characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions.
  • Colonial Baroque or Philippine / Tropical Baroque: Fusion of both native and European elements
• Music:

  • Western Musical Instruments: Pipe organ, Violin, Guitar, Piano
  • Catholic Liturgical Music: Introduced in 1742 by the then Archbishop of Manila Juan Rodriguez Angel
  • Pasyon or Pabasa: Biblical narration of Christ's passion chanted in improvised melody
  • Awit and Corrido: sentimental love songs
  • Balitao: Sentimental love songs
• Literature:

  • Bamboo poles etched with Baybayin used for short poems
  • Stone with Baybayin writing believed to be an invocation for a safe journey
  • Catechism and Prayer books
• Theater:

  • Processions: replaced earliest forms of theater
  • Zarzuela: popular form of musical theater from Spain
  • Senakulo: narrative based on Christ's passion and death
  • Komedya: depicts conflict between Muslims and Christians
• Folk music and dance: (Spanish colonial)

  • Cariñosa
  • Pandanggo sa Ilaw
  • Polka
  • Danza
  • Riodon
• Secular art:(Spanish colonial)

  • Velarde Map: first scientific map of the Philippines (Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas)
  • Flora de Filipinas: compilation of Philippine plants
  • Visual Arts: Heaven, Earth, and Hell mural by Jose Dans
• Painting: (Spanish colonial)

  • Miniaturist Style: meticulous details signifying wealth
  • Letras y Figuras: combining names of individuals and vignettes
  • Academic Paintings: championed European academic styles
  • Genre Paintings: scenes from everyday life depicted realistically
• Religious art persisted like:

  (Spanish colonial)

  1. Music- development inside the church through Marcelo Adonay and his compositions based on the Western tradition
  2. Viriña- a bell shaped glass where santos are placed
  3. Urna- a humble domestic version of retablo often attributed to the artists of Visayan region

  The rise of new elite in art:

  1. Bahay na bato
  2. Paintings
• Santos:

  • Greek and Roman classical influence is seen in the proportion and formality of expression
  • Baroque style is seen in the expressive and emotional characteristics
• Retablo:

  • Integrates architecture and sculpture
  • Often embellished with rosettes, scrolls, pediments, and solomonic columns
  • Columns may be gilded or polychromed
• Via Crucis:

  • Series of 14 paintings or relief structures depicting Christ's crucifixion and resurrection
• Relleves:

  • Carved figurative protrusions
• Plateria:

  • Organic designs of hammered silver
• Plato:

  Art is an imitation of an imitation
• Aristotle:

  Art is a mirror of reality around us and within us
• Art:

  • Is a tool for communication
  • Every artwork reflects the artist and their society
• Art is a form of:

  1. Self Expression
  2. Therapy
  3. Aesthetic
  4. Inspiration
  5. Motivation
  6. Awareness
• Modern Art:

  Was created sometime between the 1860's (some say the 1880's) and the late 1960's (some only say through the 1950's)
• Contemporary Art:

  Means art of the moment
• Arturo Luz:

  He painted his "Musikero" serries, depicting raving ragtag bands of mendicant street musicians carrying cymbals and horn, clarinet and drum, playing a cacophony of sounds.
• Historical and Stylistic Context

  Victorio Edades

  • Father of Philippine Modern Art
  • Initiating the Modern Art movement that challenged the Neoclassic Style
  • He was one of a long line of OFW's who had immigrated to the United States to work. He then discovered Cezanne, Gauguin and Diego Rivera there.
• Neoclassic Art:

  • Depicts reality closely as possible ad idealize it: beautiful and pastoral
• Modern Art:

  • Depict what might be though as "ugly" and unpleasant
• Neoclassic Style:

  • created illusions of depthness, nearness and farness
  • familiar and comfortable
  • it is "academic" as it was and continues to be taught in school (UP Fine Arts) where Fernando Amorsolo and Guillermo Tolentino are influential
• Modern Art:

  • they change colors and flatten the picture
  • new looking and shocking
  • modern artist do not aim to copy and idealize reality
  • it is referred to as "traditional", compared to contemporary art
• Characteristic of Contemporary Art

  • Site Specific: Ther cannot be experienced in the same way if removed from their original places of exhibit whether in the gallery, out on the street, in the forest, on the internet, etc.
  • Process Based: Integrate various medium and art forms
  • Collaborative and Interactive: the art is never complete without the audience's active input
• Contemporary art is distinguishable from Modern Art in historical, stylistic, and cultural terms
• Contemporary art is never fixed, but open to many possibilities
• To study and appreciate the contemporary is to experience and understand art as a window to the Philippines contemporary life
• Spanish Colonial (1521-1898)

  Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland Christian Art or Folk Art
• Lowland Christian Art

  • Architecture
  • Sculpting Engraving
  • Music Literature
  • Theater
  • Visual Art
• Lowland Christian Art

  • Architecture

  1. Plaza complex - The Complex was design as the town center and consisted of the municipio or local government office and church
• Lowland Christian Art

  • Architecture
  • 2. Cruciform Churches - following the shape of the Latin cross churches were built.
• Lowland Christian Art

  • Architecture
  • 3. Baroque Style - Characterized by gradeur, drama, elaborate details that purposely appealed to the emotions.
  • Seen in San Agustin Church, In Manila, Moring Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, and Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao Ilo-ilo