Recruiment of minister

• PM is recruited as leader of the largest party by the monarch
• PM recruits their ministers from the HOC and sometimes the HOL to form Cabinet and the government
• Statutory instruments - allows bypass of the typical system to pass laws and the most common way of secondary legislation is enacted. They are all recorded and scrutinised by Parliament

  Used for the Covid tier system, and establishing charities
• Private Member bills - introduced by backbenchers who won a lottery to have their bill heard in parliament. Only the top 7 are likely to have a full day's debate.

  Ballot bills, Ten Minute Rule bills, Presentation bills
• Public Bills

  • Energy Prices Act 2022 (energy price cap)
  • Public Order Act 2023 (no protest that impinges on infrastructure)
  • Trade Act 2023 (free trade with Australia and New Zealand)
• MPs are more likely to pass legislation if it is uncontroversial, if they win one of the 20 slots in the ballot, have government backing or if there are exceptional circumstances