Oceans and their Role in Post Climate

• the last maximum ice age was 22,000 years ago
• north American ice age was 18,000 years ago
• sea level during ice age was 120-130 m lower
• ice age has stronger tides which meant more mixing
• ice age tides were two times energetic as they are now
• low sea level meant land bridges were exposed
• AMOC was weaker during the ice age despite the more mixing
• carbon isotopes tell how long ago that sediment was last in contact with the atmosphere
• MOC was under 10 Sv
• more deep water made in the southern ocean
• 55 mya, global average 15 C higher than today