chemical analysis

• How do you test for carbonate ions?

  add an acid- will produce effervescence and a gas(bubbles) which turns lime water cloudy
• How do you test for carboxylic acid?

  alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid- h2so4
• how do you test for sulfate ions?

  Barium chloride solution followed by dilute HCL or nitric acid

  white precipitate will form if sulfate ions are present
• How do you test for carbon double bonds?

  Bromine water - will go orange/brown to colourless
• How do you test for alcohol?

  carboxylic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid
• what is the result if alcohol is present?

  fruity smell of an ester warming
• How do you test for water and what is the result?

  copper sulfate - goes white to blue or

  cobalt chloride solid or paper- blue to pink
• how do you carry out a flame test?

  Using a nichrome wire - dip in nitric acid then substance being tested , put through blue bunsen flame and observe, clean with nitric acid in between
• what is the colour the flame turns if copper ions are present?

  green
• what is the colour the flame turns if calcium ions are present?

  brick red
• what colour will the flame turn if lithium ions are present?

  crimson
• what colour will the flame turn if potassium ions are present?

  lilac
• what colour will the flame turn if sodium ions are present?

  Yellow/orange
• how do you test for carbon dioxide + what is the result?

  lime water turns cloudy
• how do you test for chloride ions?

  silver nitrate + nitric acid - forms white precipitate
• how do you test for bromide ions ?

  silver nitrate + nitric acid - cream precipitate forms
• how do you test for iodide ions?

  Silver nitrate + nitric acid - yellow precipitate forms
• how do you test for calcium and magnesium ions and what is the result?

  sodium hydroxide solution- forms a white precipitate
• how do you test for aluminium ions and what is the result?

  sodium hydroxide solution - forms a white precipitate which redissolves in excess sodium hydroxide
• what forms in a solution containing positive copper 2+ ions when reacted with sodium hydroxide solution?

  blue
• How do you test for Fe3+ ions?

  sodium hydroxide solution- forms brown precipitate
• how do you test for Fe2+ ions?

  sodium hydroxide solution - forms pale green precipitate which goes orange/ brown slowly
• how do you test for hydroxide ions OH-?

  universal indicator- turns blue or purple

  litmus indicator- turns blue
• how do you test for hydrogen gas?

  burning splint- gives a pop
• how do you test for carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas?

  extinguishes a burning splint
• how do you test for oxygen gas?

  relights a glowing splint
• How do you test for ammonia?

  universal indicator damp paper placed in gas- turns blue or purple
• How do you test for chlorine?

  universal indicator damp paper placed in gas- turns bleached white