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geog paper 1
Processes
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What is photosynthesis?
How plants make food using
sunlight
What ingredients do plants use for photosynthesis?
Sunlight, water, and
carbon dioxide
What do plants produce during photosynthesis?
Glucose
and
oxygen
Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?
In
chloroplasts
What is chlorophyll?
The
green pigment
that absorbs sunlight
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6
C
O
2
+
6CO_{2} +
6
C
O
2
+
6
H
2
O
⟶
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6H_{2}O \overset{sunlight}{\longrightarrow} C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} +
6
H
2
O
⟶
s
u
n
l
i
g
h
t
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6
O
2
6O_{2}
6
O
2
Why is photosynthesis vital for ecosystems?
It helps absorb
carbon dioxide
and releases
oxygen
What is respiration?
How living things release
energy
from food
What is the relationship between glucose and respiration?
Glucose is combined with
oxygen
to produce energy
What is the chemical equation for respiration?
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} +
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6
O
2
⟶
6
C
O
2
+
6O_{2} \longrightarrow 6CO_{2} +
6
O
2
⟶
6
C
O
2
+
6
H
2
O
+
6H_{2}O +
6
H
2
O
+
e
n
e
r
g
y
energy
e
n
er
g
y
How does respiration differ from photosynthesis?
Respiration occurs in both
plants
and
animals
What role does respiration play in the energy cycle?
It releases energy stored in
glucose
What is nutrient cycling?
How
essential
elements move through
ecosystems
What are the key steps in nutrient cycling?
Decomposition
,
mineralization
,
uptake
,
return
What happens during decomposition?
Dead plants and animals are broken down
Bacteria
and fungi release
nutrients
back into the soil
What is mineralization in nutrient cycling?
Conversion of
organic
matter into
inorganic
nutrients
How do plants absorb nutrients?
Through their
roots
from the soil
What happens when plants and animals die in nutrient cycling?
Their
nutrients
return to the soil
What are the steps of nutrient cycling?
Decomposition
: Breakdown of dead organic matter
Mineralization
: Conversion to
inorganic
nutrients
Uptake
: Nutrient absorption by plants
Return
: Nutrients return to the soil
What is energy transfer in ecosystems?
How energy flows from one
organism
to another
Who are the primary producers in energy transfer?
Plants that capture sunlight via
photosynthesis
What are the levels of energy transfer in ecosystems?
Primary producers
: Convert sunlight into
glucose
Primary consumers: Eat plants
Secondary consumers: Eat
herbivores
Tertiary consumers: Eat secondary consumers
What does the 10% rule in energy transfer indicate?
Only 10% of energy is transferred at
each level
What is represented by an energy pyramid?
Visual representation of
energy flow
Shows energy decreases as you move up
trophic levels
What is decomposition?
The breakdown of dead
organisms
into simpler substances
What role do decomposers play in ecosystems?
They break down
complex
organic compounds
What are the steps of decomposition?
Enzymatic Breakdown
: Enzymes break down complex molecules
Mineralization
: Converts organic matter into inorganic nutrients
Release of Nutrients
: Nutrients are released back into the soil
Soil Enrichment
: Enriches soil for plant growth
What factors affect the rate of decomposition?
Temperature
,
moisture
, and oxygen availability
How do proper conditions affect decomposition?
They
accelerate
decomposition
and
nutrient cycling