equations

• magnification

  Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size
• Respiration

  • Aerobic respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
  • Anaerobic respiration (in muscles): Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy
  • Anaerobic respiration (in yeast): Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
• Photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen​
• Rate of Photosynthesis

  Rate of photosynthesis = Amount of oxygen produced ÷ Time​
• Enzyme Activity

  Rate of enzyme activity = 1 ÷ Time taken for reaction