Endocrine System

• Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and helps maintain pregnancy.
• Calcitonin, which regulates calcium levels, is also produced by the thyroid gland.
• Thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are produced by the thyroid gland.
• It also releases dopamine to inhibit prolactin release, and regulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland.
• It releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to retain water in the kidneys, oxytocin during childbirth and breastfeeding, and prolactin to stimulate breast milk production.
• The hypothalamus produces hormones that regulate homeostasis of the body.
• The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck.
• The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the release of hormones from other glands.
• Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various bodily functions and processes.
• Estrogen is a group of steroid hormones involved in female reproductive development, including breast growth and menstrual cycle regulation.
• Testosterone is a male sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle mass, bone density, and body hair.
• The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
• The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which are involved in the fight-or-flight response.
• The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released into the bloodstream during times of stress or excitement.
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex.
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released into the bloodstream during times of stress or excitement.
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released into the bloodstream during times of stress or excitement.
• The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones affecting almost every cell, organ, and function of the body
• The endocrine system is a messenger system that regulates distant target organs
• A gland is an organ that produces and releases hormones into the body to perform a specific function
• Hormones are organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream
• Hypothalamus:

  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is the master regulator of thyroid gland growth and function
  • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone controls the secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which regulate metabolic rate, heat generation, neuromuscular function, and heart rate
• Oxytocin:

  • Stimulates uterine contractions in labor and childbirth
  • Stimulates contractions of breast tissue to aid in lactation after childbirth
  • Known as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," can help bond with loved ones and can be released through touch, music, and exercise
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone:

  • Causes the pituitary gland to make and release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • In men, LH and FSH cause the testicles to make testosterone
  • In women, LH and FSH cause the ovaries to make estrogen and progesterone
• Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH):

  • Stimulates the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone into the bloodstream
  • Growth hormone acts on virtually every tissue of the body to control metabolism and growth
• Vasopressin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH):

  • Controls the amount of water and salt in the body
  • Plays a role in regulating the circadian rhythm, the periods of sleepiness and wakefulness
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH):

  • Main organizer of the body's response to stress, specifically the psychological stress response
• Somatostatin:

  • Stops the pituitary gland from releasing certain hormones, including growth hormones and thyroid stimulating hormones
• Pineal Gland

  • receives informationaboutt h e stateo f htelight-dark cycle

  f r o mt h eenvironment

  a n d conveysthisinformation

  b yt h e p r o d u c t i o n a n d seocienrt

  o f t h e hormone melatonin,

  which

  p l a y s a r o l e i n het

  b o d y ' s

  i n t e r n a l clock

  Pineal Gland
• Thyroid Gland: T3-triiodothyronine T4- thyroxine


  Thyroid Gland
• Calcitonin is a hormonethatis

  produced in

  humansbythe C-cellsofthe

  thyroid gland

  •Calcitonin is

  involved in helping to regulate levels of calciumand

  phosphate in the blood, oozing the action of parathyroid hormone

  Thyroid Gland
• Parathyroid glands release

  parathyroid hormones, whichcontrolthelevelof

  calciuminthebloodwiththe help of calcitonin

  Parathyroid Gland
• makes white bloodcells and help fight infection

  Thymosin : Thymus Gland
• GLUCAGON: prevents blood glucose levels dropping too low


  Pancreas
• INSULIN: lowers glucose levels in the bloodstreamand promotesthestorageof

  glucose in fat, muscle, liver and other body tissues

  Pancreas
• 
  

  Cortisol and Aldosterone
• Adrenalis and noradrenaline


  Adrenal Gland
• Testosterone

  • Necessary for proper physical

  development in boys

  • In adulthood, maintains libido, muscle strength, and bonedensity

  Reproductive Gland Male
• Estrogen is involved when puberty starts among girls

  Reproductive Gland Female