Industrialization Revolution, Nationalism, Imperialism Unit

• Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?

  Britain had many natural resources, geographical advantages, and a strong, stable government which allowed a strong, stable economy to develop.
• What is Capitalism and who invented it?

  Means of production and property owned and run by private citizens, not the government; Adam Smith.
• What is Communism and who invented it?

  Workers collectively own all property/means of production, share everything in society equally, and no social classes; Karl Marx.
• Britain 1880s?

  Fully industrialized, unions forming.
• France 1880s?

  Mostly industrialized.
• Italy 1880s?

  United and starting to industrialize.
• Germany 1880s?

  Fully united and industrialized.
• Russia 1880s?

  Struggling to compete against industrialized powers.
• China 1880s?

  Dominated by European spheres of influence.
• Japan 1880s?

  US has forced its way in, but nobody else.
• Korea 1880s?

  Worries about outside invasion.
• India 1880s?

  British Raj is leading cotton exporter in world.
• Ethiopia 1880s?

  Defends against European expansion.
• South Africa 1880s?

  Fully dominated by Britain.
• Latin America 1880s?

  Politically independent, but US companies dominate.
• Turkey 1880s?

  ”The Sick Man of Europe”
• Middle East 1880s?

  Local internal struggles.
• What are the three main ideas of this unit?

  Factories - Great for the overall economy of Europe, terrible for the men, women, and children forced to work endless hours for other people in horrific conditions.

  Nationalism - Great for uniting Germany and Italy, terrible when it goes into superiority theories, racism, and oppressing others.

  Imperialism - Great for the economies of Europe, terrible for every person and place that it reached. Really really terrible.
• How did Japan become militaristic?

  Japan sees a nation obsession with education, every able-bodied male must serve 3 years in the military, achieve victory of expanding through a war, feel that they “need to be ready for the next war”, and people are willing to sacrifice for their country.
• What were conditions like in factories/factory system?

  The working conditions in factories were often harsh. Hours were long, typically ten to twelve hours a day. Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents. Tasks tended to be divided for efficiency's sake which led to repetitive and tedious work for employees.
• What is Urbanization?

  The increase in the population of people living in towns and cities.
• What are two of the most important inventions during this time and who were they invented by?What did they do?

  1. Steam engine which produces power to run looms, and supported coal mining industries in addition to transportation and farm machines (1770s); James Watt.
  2. Process that created strong, inexpensive steel that supports railways, larger buildings; Henry Bessemer.
• Describe child labor and the experiences of children in the Industrial Revolution:

  Children were often preferred employees over adults. Instead of paying higher wages for adults to perform the same duties, children could be employed at a much cheaper rate. They were working long hours, for little pay, in unsafe working conditions, not permitting them to be children and getting an education.
• What was the impact of transportation inventions on the world?

  It made travel quicker, trade easier, extraction of goods easier.
• What is Nationalism?

  Original Definition: The uniting of people of common ethnic and language backgrounds into nations, not simply the people on whatever lands owned by the king.
• What is Imperialism?

  Colonialism gives way to Imperialism - similar aims, but far more immediate control from mother country, fewer freedoms. Not just taking resources, but also projecting power (military and cultural). 'Imperium' in Latin means command. Imperialism means establishing and expanding one's empire into neighboring regions. The power exercised on the neighboring regions throughout sovereignty. Due to expansion, social values, culture, and property damages take place.
• What is Realpolitik and who established it?

  Deciding political beliefs/motives by real world logic and circumstances, not what is right or best. Very pragmatic; Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto Von Bismarck.
• How does nationalism and imperialism go together?

  Pride in one's country (nationalism) leads to the want to conquer (imperialism) or conquest leads to pride in a country.
• What war united Germany and Italy?

  The Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 will be the deciding factor in German unification.
• Who were the key figures in the unification of Germany and Italy?

  By using shady tactics and war, Otto Von Bismarck got what he wanted, a unified Germany, even if it wasn't ideal - 1848 was idealistic and failed.
• Describe the unification of Germany:

  Nationalism leads to ethnically German people in many different nations forming a common bond, and demand for unity. Common language and history, now economic dependency.
• What is the “Scramble for Africa”?

  In the 1880s, bored Europeans, especially wealthy British people, were looking for adventure and wealth. Not much different from the Age of Exploration. Exploring and mapping Africa became the popular thing. Advancing technology, including transportation and medicine. No room for expansion in Europe - unification ended that.
• Explain what happened at the Berlin Conference in 1884:

  13 European Countries and the US met to set the rules for dividing Africa. No representation or consideration was given to the Africans themselves. Nationalism, views of superiority, and racism led Europe to ignore established African tribal nations. Henry Morton Stanley – conquered Congo for Belgium - massacres. Cecil Rhodes – conquered South Africa for Britain, founded Rhodesia, and founded DeBeers Diamond Company - massacres.
• How did Britain ensure it got trade from China?

  Britain decided to create demand for a product Britain controlled - Opium. Britain literally got a country hooked on drugs to create demand so they could trade for the things they wanted.
• What are "Spheres of Influence"?

  Many European nations landed in Chinese port cities and started trading, then wanted their "turf" so other Europeans wouldn't compete with them.
• How did the Qing Dynasty fall?

  The Emperor's power had been declining - unrest from the people. Europe is pressuring China to allow them for access - trade. People want goods. Emperor wants control. Missionaries spreading Christianity in China undermine the Emperor. Taiping Rebellion. China had no ability to stop this, as Europeans carved them up.
• What happened to China following the fall of the Qing Dynasty?

  People will begin to rebel under a child emperor and his progressive advisors. Europe has pushed in with spheres of influence - their turf for trade. Britain forces China on drugs (opium) to extract goods from China. Rebel groups succeed in overthrowing dynasty. By the time the man who inspired the Republic of China gets his chance to take power, China has fractured into many states controlled by warlords and criminal enterprise.
• What were the results of the Meiji Restoration?

  1. Compulsory public education
  2. Infrastructure - roads and rails
  3. More newspaper and information
  4. Constitution and written laws
  5. Adopt western military technology
• Great Britain on World Map?

  This...

  
• Germany on World Map?

  This...