CFPBS Section

• What causes duplex DNA with a certain (A + T):(G + C) ratio to melt at a higher temperature than comparable length duplex DNA with a greater (A + T):(G + C) ratio?


  Increased π- stacking strength
• Why does NH3 displace H2O in the formation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ ?

  1. NH3 contains more lone pairs of electrons than H2O.
  2. NH3 is a stronger Lewis base than H2O.
  3. NH3 donates a lone pair of electrons more readily than does H2O.?


  2 & 3
• What is the concentration of Ca2+(aq) in a saturated solution of CaCO3? (Note: The solubility product constant Ksp for CaCO3 is 4.9 × 10–9.)

  • A.2.4 × 10–4 M
  • B.4.9 × 10–5 M
  • C.7.0 × 10–5 M
  • D.4.9 × 10–9 M

  7.0 × 10–5 M
• An inflatable cuff was used to temporarily stop blood flow in an upper arm artery. While releasing the pressure to deflate the cuff, a stethoscope was used to listen to blood flow in the forearm. The blood pressure reading was 130/85. Given this information, which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true?

  • A.85 mmHg was the diastolic pressure.
  • B.Blood flow was heard when the pressure of the cuff was greater than 130 mmHg.
  • C.130 mmHg was the systolic pressure.
  • D.Blood flow was heard when the pressure of the cuff was 90 mmHg?

  • B
• Which statement correctly describes the structure of the DNA double helix?

  • A.Nitrogenous bases pair with other bases in the same purine or pyrimidine groups.
  • B.The two DNA strands of the double helix are oriented in the same direction.
  • C.The amount of guanine will equal the amount of cytosine in a DNA sequence.
  • D.Sugar-phosphate backbones form the interior of the double helix.?

  The amount of guanine will equal the amount of cytosine in a DNA sequence
• What are peptide bonds?


  amide type covalent bonds
• What is the relationship b/w vapor pressure and boiling point?

  inverse
• Formula for photon energy?

  hf=hc/λ

  h= 6.62x10^-34

  c=3x10^8

  λ= wavelength
• sp2 bonds?

  C=C
• sp3 bonds?

  C-C
• sp bonds?

  triple bond carbon
• What happends to a hydroxl group when it becomes a carbonyl?

  Oxidation
• What results in the absorption of UV light by organic molecules?

  excitation of bound electrons
• Order of elution depending on polarity?

  least polar elutes first and most polar elutes last
• What is the half-life of radioactive material?


  The time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into their daughter nuclei
• Vmax= Kcat[E]total

  Vmax= reaction rate

  Kcat= turnover #

  E= concentration of enzyme
• Why must someone lean forward while standing?

  To keep the body in equilibrium while rising
• Venturi Effect: The increase in velocity of a fluid as it passes through a narrow opening.

  -causes static air to be drawn into mask when oxygen flows
• Sigmodial curve= positive/cooperative binding
• hyperbolic curve= negative/ no cooperative binding
• battery powered resistive circuit= chemical to electric to thermal
• In an electrochemical cell?

  -oxidation (loss of electrons) occurs at anode

  -reduction (gain of electrons) occurs at cathode

  
• Lewis acid?

  electron pair acceptor e.g. H+, Fe2+,
• Lewis base?

  donates a pair of electrons e.g. ammonia NH3
• Formula for power?


  $P=$$∆PE/t=$$mgh/∆t$
• storage lipids: stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerol, 3 fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol
• Phosphoplipid: 2 fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol + charged head group
• sphingomyelin: 2 fatty acids ester-linked to a single sphingosine plus a charged head group

  -insulator in myelin sheath and involved in cell signaling
• Ceramide: 3 fatty acids ester-linked to a single sphingosine--involved in cell signaling
• At STP, molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.4 Lmol^-1
• strength of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength

  -shorter bond = stronger
• Catalyst: lowers activation energy for chemical reaction, increasing the reaction rate (amount of X produced per unit time)
• Henderson-Hasselbach equation: $pH=$$pka +$$log([base]/[acid])$
• Protein secondary structure: hydrogen bonds b/w backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygen

  -Includes turns, helices and beta sheets
• Negative focal length= diverging lens, virtual and reduced images
• Positive focal length= converging lens, real and inverted images
• Ionic bond: electrons transferred completely from one atom to another
• Covalent bond: electrons shared equally between atoms
• Coordinate covalent: 2 electron covalent bond
• Ionization energy: increases from left to right and decreases down a group on periodic table