us history

• The Louisiana Purchase was an agreement between France and the United States that doubled the size of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson was president at the time.
• The embargo act Limited French and British imports into the US because of increased aggression in trade.
• Alexander Hamilton:

  • Federalist
  • Secretary of Treasury under Washington
  • Supported a national bank
  • Played a role in the government splitting into two political parties
• George Washington:

  • President from 1789-1797
  • Led the Continental army to success in the Revolutionary War
  • First president of the United States
  • Set important precedents for future presidents
• James Monroe:

  • President from 1817-1825
  • Articulated the Monroe Doctrine
• James Madison:

  • President from 1809-1817
  • Played a role in drafting the Constitution and Bill of Rights
  • Led the nation through the War of 1812
• John Adams:

  • President from 1797-1801
  • Founding Father
  • Significant in shaping early government
• John Marshall:

  • Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835
  • Federalist
  • Established judicial review
• Thomas Jefferson:

  • President from 1801-1809
  • Main author of the Declaration of Independence
  • Founded the Democratic-Republican party
  • Did the Louisiana Purchase
• Andrew Jackson:

  • President from 1829-1837
  • General in the War of 1812
  • Created Jacksonian democracy
  • Favored the common man
• Federalists:

  • Favored a strong national government
  • Supported a national bank
  • Led by Hamilton and Adams
• Democratic-Republicans:

  • Favored power to the states
  • Supported state banks
  • Led by Jefferson and Madison
• Embargo Act:

  • President at the time: Jefferson
  • Limited French and British imports into the US
  • Major factor leading up to the War of 1812
• Spoils System:

  • President at the time: Jackson
  • Jackson fired government employees and gave jobs to his friends and supporters
  • Sparked controversy and blurred the line between democracy and favoritism
• Whiskey Rebellion:

  • President at the time: Washington
  • Farmers protested whiskey taxes
  • Represented American public uproar and demonstrated Washington's decision-making capabilities
• George Washington’s Farewell Address:

  • Warned against the creation of political parties and involvement in foreign wars
  • Created the foundation for US foreign policy
• Hamilton’s Financial Plan:

  • Supported the creation of a national bank and tariffs
  • First definitive economic plan for the new nation
• XYZ Affair:

  • President at the time: John Adams
  • US diplomats negotiated with French agents X, Y, and Z
  • Showed US demand for respect as a country
• Louisiana Purchase:

  • President at the time: Thomas Jefferson
  • US bought the Louisiana territory from Napoleon in 1803
  • Almost doubled the size of the United States
• Corps of Discovery/Lewis and Clark Expedition:

  • President at the time: Thomas Jefferson
  • Led by Merriwether Lewis and William Clark
  • Explored US uncharted territory and built relations with natives
• War of 1812:

  • President at the time: James Madison
  • Occurred due to tightening relations from impressment and trade restrictions
  • Strengthened American sovereignty
• Monroe Doctrine:

  • President at the time: James Monroe
  • Declared European westward expansion unwanted
  • Prevented future colonization of the Western Hemisphere
• Nullification Crisis of 1832:

  • President at the time: Andrew Jackson
  • Opposition between South Carolina and the federal government about tariffs
  • Resolved with the Tariff Act of 1833
• Indian Removal Act:

  • President at the time: Andrew Jackson
  • Forced westward movement of Native Indians
  • Violated Supreme Court rule and claimed lives and livelihoods
• Marbury vs. Madison:

  • Madison refused to deliver Marbury's papers
  • SCOTUS declared this unconstitutional
  • Signified the Supreme Court's power as a decision-making force
• Gibbons vs. Ogden:

  • Ruled in favor of Gibbons over Ogden
  • Signified federal government's power over state government in regulating interstate commerce
• McCulloch vs. Maryland:

  • Maryland taxed the National Bank
  • Court declared Maryland had no right to intervene
  • Signified federal government's power over state banks
• Worcester vs. Georgia:

  • Worcester was arrested for living among Native Americans
  • Court ruled in Worcester's favor
  • Signified states had lesser power over minority populations affairs