Ch.13 - Ingredients and Skin Care

• What is an example of an organic substance?

  Plastic
• What terms refer to the simplest form of chemical matter?

  Element
• How are elements identified?

  By letter symbols
• what is it called when a chemical changes its state but no tits composition?

  Physical change
• true or false: Oxygen is the most abundant element found on earth

  (true)
• what is the general composition of air by volume?

  one part oxygen and four parts nitrogen
• what is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient?

  WATER
• what is the range of pH scale?

  0- 14
• what dies ionization create?

  Two new ions with opposite electrical charges
• what color does a base turn red litmus paper?

  blue
• a pH of 8 is how many times more alkaline than a pH of 7?

  10 times
• how long should a properly stored emulsion remain stable?

  3 years
• what is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion?

  moisturizing lotion
• what is not a characteristic of mineral oil?

  Preservatives must be added to keep it fresh and potent over time
• what is a characteristic of fatty alcohols?

  WAX LIKE CONSISTENCY
• Detergents are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products
• what type of color agent is zinc oxide?

  Natural color agent and does not contain any synthetic colorants
• what are alpha hydroxy acids and beta hydroxy acids commonly used as?

  exfoliants
• What term refers to ingredients designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin to make it softer and smoother?

  enzymes
• what is not a function of antioxidants?

  promoting the development of free radicals
• what is an example of an inorganic physical sunscreen?

  titanium diozide
• how must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?

  descending order of predominance
• how should products be stored to make them last longer?

  in dark containers in cooler temperatures
• what term refers to closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, targeting their delivery to specific tissues of the skin?

  Liposomes
• what substance is an inorganic salt used as a buffering agent neutralizer and pH adjuster?

  Sodium bicarbonate
• what is not a property of urea?

  acts as a sunscreen
• what is the primary benefit of carrots?

  antioxidants
• what is licorice used for?

  treating sensitive skin
• What does peppermint do for the skin?

  Cools skin, constricts capillaries, has refreshing properties and contains menthol
• what is an example of an essential oil that is used as an astringent?

  orange
• what is the primary property of sandalwood oil?

  soothing
• what is a primary property of eucalyptus?

  stimulating
• what is an example of a plant that has healing properties?

  Chamomile
• what is not a benefit of honey?

  soothing
• what is an example of a mildly comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?

  Lanolin (fatty substance used to treat or present minor skin irritations such as blisters, burns, dry skin)
• what is an example of a moderately comedogenic cosmetic ingredient?

  peanut oil
• what is an example of a noncomedogenic cosmetic ingredient?

  Petrolatum
• what is not an example of an ingredient recommended for use on mature skin and rosacea?

  rosemary oil
• what statement about skin cleansers is true?

  They may contain ingredients to counteract various skin problems
• what term refers to a detergent-type "foaming" cleanser with a neutral slightly acidic pH?

  cleansing gels