2B Nucleic acid

• Nucleic acids are the building blocks to nucleotides (which create DNA/RNA), they store genetic information and help produce proteins.
• The structure of a nucleotide contains a phosphate group, 5-carbon (pentose) sugar, has either a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.
• 1' carbon attaches to the nitrogenous base, 3' attaches to the phosphate of the following nucleotide and the 5' attaches 5-carbon sugar to phosphate group.
• The bonds that join nucleotides together are strong covalent bonds know as phosphodiester bonds. Which are formed by condensation reactions, exist between sugar group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of another. The linkage of sugar and phosphate groups create the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids.
• Dna packed into 46 chromosomes that contain different genes which carry instructions required to make a protein.
• Genome is the complete set of DNA.