Cell structure

• The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
• Cholesterol molecules are present in animal cells to maintain fluidity at low temperatures.
• When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientist use special stains to distinguish the individual components of cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• Prokaryotes depend on diffusion to obtain some materials and to get rid of wastes
• Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to adhere to cell surfaces
• E.coli is a prokaryote
• The nucleoplasm is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers
• A bacterial flagellum consists of three parts; filament, hook, basal body
• The endomembrane system includes the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles, and ribosomes.
• Vacuoles store water or waste products
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which break down food particles
• Ribosomes are made up of proteins and RNA
• Mitochondria have an outer membrane and inner membrane with cristae
• Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration
• In bacteria, DNA replication occurs at one point called the origin of replication
• Chloroplasts have an outer membrane and thylakoid membranes
• Cristae are folds within the mitochondrial matrix that increase surface area for respiration to occur
• Peroxisomes got their name because hydrogen peroxide is produced during their oxidation reactions
• Smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface but performs other functions such as lipid metabolism and detoxification.
• Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface and synthesizes proteins destined for secretion or transport out of the cell.
• The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell.
• In plant cells the function of the lysosomes is carried out by vacuoles
• Ribosomes is both eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
• Mitocondria is not a component of the endomembrane system
• Lysosomes is what Is malfuctioning in Tay-sachs
• The process by which a cell engulfs a foreign particle is known as phagocytosis.
• Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  A cell that makes steroid hormones
• Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved in the incorporation of a proteinaceous molecule within a cell

  A synthesis of the protein on the ribosome, modificstion in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagging in the golgi, distribution via the vesticle
• Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing class of rare diseases. which organelle would be mostly commonly involved in the glycoprotein disorder portion of the group ?

  Golgi apparatus
• Which of the following have the ability to disassemble and reform quickly

  Microfilaments and microtubules
• only intermediate filaments do not play a role in intracellular movement
• in humans flagella are used to move a cell within its environment while cilia are used to move the environment relative to the cell
• Plasmodesmata are found only in plant cells
• The key components of desmosomes are cadherins And intermediate filaments
• Why would neighboring healthy cells also die

  the death molecule passes through gab junctions
• Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure

  protein
• Which characteristic of a phosphollipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane

  Double bonds in the fatty acid tail
• What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes

  Identification of the cell
• Water moves via osmosis from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration