Social

• 14 July 1789- bastille was broken into by the citizens
• 1774-louis 16th of the bourbon family ascended his throne as king
• Tithe- tax that is paid to the church which comprises one-tenth of the agricultural produce
• Taille-tax to be pa directly to the state
• What is subsistence crisis-it is an extreme situation where there is shortage and scarcity of grains and the prices of bread has gone up and the poor cannot afford it
• John locke- two treaties of government

  Jean jacques- the social contract

  Montesquieu-the spirit of law
• The king helped the thirteen American colonies to fight their common enemy the Britain and give them independence thus the king himself had alot of Debt snd the treasury of france was in danger
• 5 may 1789- louis 16th called the assembly of estates general meeting
• On 20 june 1789-the tennis court oath was taken
• On Aug 4 1789- the assembly passed a decree to abolish the system of tax and forced clergy to give their privileges
• The national assembly drafted the constitution in 1791
• Period from 1793 to 1794 was known as reign of terror(robespierre)
• Louis 16th died for treason on 21 jan 1793 at place de la concorde
• Robespirre was convicted by court of july 1794 and sent to the guillotine the next day
• Men-citoyen

  Women-citoyenne
• 1804-napolean crowned himself emperor of france
• Napoleon got defeated at waterloo at 1815
• Food security means availability,accessibility,affordability food to all people at all times
• Famine of Bengal happened on 1943 of 30 lakh people
• Agricultural labourers,fishermen,transport works etc were the most affected by the famine
• India is aiming at self sufficiency in food grains since independence which resulted in green revolution especially in the production of rice and wheat
• Wheat revolution in July 1968
• Buffer stock means the stocking of food grains namely rice and wheat by government thought fci
• The fci purchases rice and wheat from farmers in places of surplus production and they are paid a pre announced price which is known as the minimum support price.
• Distributing food grains to the people in the poorer society in a reduced price thsn the market price is known as issue price
• The food collected by fci are distributed through government run ration shops to the people in the poorer society
• The national food security act 2013 provides for food and nutritional security life. The 75% from rural areas and 5p% people from urban areas are categorized a eligible household for food security
• Subsidy is a payment that a government makes to the producer to supplement the market price of a commodity
• A national assembly of elected representatives and exercise on behalf of the people of the country is known as parliament
• Assembly of Elected representatives that exercise on behalf of the people in the state level is called the legislative assembly
• One that is elected by the people for a specific period of time is called political executive
• People are appointed on a long term basis this is known as permanent executive
• Permanent executive is also known as bureaucracy or civil service
• Chief Minister is the leader of ruling party in the Legislature Assembly
• President is the Head of State
• President elects prime minister who is the leader of the majority party or the one the majority of the members
• Prime minister chooses the ministers mainly those who are from the majority party
• A person who is not a member of the parliament can be a minister but the person has to get elected to either houses with six months of appointment as minister
• Council of ministers is the official name for the body that includes all the ministers usually contains 60-80 ministers
• Cabinet ministers are top level leaders from the ruling party and they are from the council of ministers who take decisions on behalf of the council of ministers