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Chemistry
Paper 2
Organic Chemistry
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Cards (19)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A
compound
containing of only
hydrogen
and
carbon
atoms.
How is crude oil formed?
Over
millions
of years from the
remains
of
ancient biomass.
What are the alkanes?
Hydrocarbons
that only have
single bonds.
What are the first four alkanes?
Methane
,
ethane
,
propane
and
butane.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2.
How does boiling point depend on the chain length?
The
longer
the chain length the
higher
the boiling point.
How does viscosity depend on the chain length?
The
longer
the chain, the
higher
the viscosity.
How does flammability depend on the chain length?
The
longer
the chain, the
lower
the flammability.
How can the different alkanes in crude oil be separated?
Fractional distillation
What is a fraction?
A group of
hydrocarbons
with similar
chain lengths.
Name five useful fuels produced from fractional distillation?
Petrol
,
diesel oil
,
kerosene
,
heavy fuel
,
liquefied petroleum gases.
Name four useful materials produced from crude oil?
Solvent
,
lubricants
,
polymers
and
detergents.
What is cracking?
Breaking down a
hydrocarbon
with a
long chain
into
smaller molecules.
Name two methods to carry out cracking?
Stream
cracking and
catalytic
cracking.
What are the products of cracking?
Short
chain
alkanes
and
alkenes.
What are alkenes?
Hydrocarbons
with a
double bond.
What are alkenes used for?
Formation of
polymers.
Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes.
Alkenes
are very
reactive.
How can you test for alkenes?
Alkenes
turn orange bromine water
colourless