Organic Chemistry

Cards (19)

  • What is a hydrocarbon?
    A compound containing of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
  • How is crude oil formed?
    Over millions of years from the remains of ancient biomass.
  • What are the alkanes?
    Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds.
  • What are the first four alkanes?
    Methane, ethane, propane and butane.
  • What is the general formula for alkanes?
    CnH2n+2.
  • How does boiling point depend on the chain length?
    The longer the chain length the higher the boiling point.
  • How does viscosity depend on the chain length?
    The longer the chain, the higher the viscosity.
  • How does flammability depend on the chain length?
    The longer the chain, the lower the flammability.
  • How can the different alkanes in crude oil be separated?
    Fractional distillation
  • What is a fraction?
    A group of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths.
  • Name five useful fuels produced from fractional distillation?
    Petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel, liquefied petroleum gases.
  • Name four useful materials produced from crude oil?
    Solvent, lubricants, polymers and detergents.
  • What is cracking?
    Breaking down a hydrocarbon with a long chain into smaller molecules.
  • Name two methods to carry out cracking?
    Stream cracking and catalytic cracking.
  • What are the products of cracking?
    Short chain alkanes and alkenes.
  • What are alkenes?
    Hydrocarbons with a double bond.
  • What are alkenes used for?
    Formation of polymers.
  • Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes.
    Alkenes are very reactive.
  • How can you test for alkenes?
    Alkenes turn orange bromine water colourless