PARA L3

• Blood flagellates:

  • Trypanosoma cruzi
  • Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
  • Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense
• most active form


  trypomastigote
• Trypomastigote has ONLY active and inactive forms

  TRUE
• it has no flagellum but is cyst-like

  amastigote
• can be found in your bloodstream

  trypomastigote
• a form where it can be found on your cells

  amastigote
• Rounded/ ovoid without any external flagellum

  Nucleus, kinetoplast and axial filaments can be seen

  axoneme stands up to the anterir end of the cell


  amastigote
• lanceolate in shape

  antenuclear membrane

  no undulating 


  promastigote
• elongated

  juxtanuclear kinetoplast

  flagellum runs along side


  epimastigote
• elongated, spindle shaped

  postnuclear kinetoplast

  flagellums runs the entire length of the cell


  trypomastigote
• amastigote which are intracellular in macrophages are found in the:

  • skin
  • liver
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
• the only parasite that undergoes all 4 forms (APET)

  Trypanosoma cruzi
• transitional stage of the T.cruzi is promastigote
• found in the midgut of the triatomine bug

  Epimastigote
• found in the feces of triatomine bug

  transfer stage to man

  present in blood stream ONLY during acute attacks

  trypomastigote
• Is a kind of transmission where trypanosomes migrate to mouth parts of the vectors, infection is transmitted by their bite

  Salivaria (anterior station) through inoculative transmission
• A transition where the trypanosomes migrate to the hindgut and are paseed in feces

  stercoraria (posterior station)
• example of stercocarian transmission

  Trypanosoma cruzi
• example of salivarian/inoculation transmission

  trypanosoma brucei complex
• geographical distribution of T.cruzi:

  mexico, central america and south america
• Major health problem in Latin america countries

  Chronic chagas disease
• other term for chagas disease

  american tryponosomiasis
• habitat of T.cruzi is

  reticuloendothelial cells (macrophage and monocytes)
• Intermediate host of T.cruzi is

  Triatomine bug, reduviid bug and kissing bug
• other genera of kissing bug:

  rhodnius, panstrongylus, triatoma
• reservior host of T.cruzi is

  man and other vertebrates
• infected form to man of the T.cruzi is

  Metacyclic trypomastigote
• Infected form to triatomine bug?

  typical trypomastigote
• diagnostic stage of the T.cruzi is the

  typical trypomastigote
• mode of infection of T.cruzi is

  skin penetration
• laboratory identification of the T.cruzi

  blood smears, tissue biopsy, culture and serology
• specimen source of T.cruzi is

  blood, tissue
• the only parasite discovered before it is known to cause disease

  Trypanosoma cruzi
• the organs of the body heavily affected by T.cruzi are

  Liver and spleen
• acute manifestations of T.cruzi is

  Chagoma

  Romana's sign
• chronic manifestation of T. cruzi is

  Megacolon

  Cardiomyopathy
• are furuncle-like lesions that represent the site of entry of the parasite is

  Chagoma
• an eyelid swelling the the parasite penetrates through the conjunctiva

  romana's sign
• Microscopic examination of T.cruzi are

  fresh anticoagulated blood/buffy coat with many WBC

  thin and thick blood smears stained with GIEMSA
• T/F: T.cruzi are only seen by direct exam/thick blood smears in the first 2months


  true