general practice

• What is a common side effect of allopurinol used for gout prevention?

  A rash
• When should medication overuse headache be suspected?

  If acute headache treatments are used ≥10 days/month
• Why are beta-blockers used in heart failure?

  They reduce heart rate and enhance cardiac output
• What are the effects of beta-blockers on mortality and morbidity in heart failure?

  They significantly reduce both mortality and morbidity
• What psychiatric side effects can varenicline cause?

  Suicidal ideation and mood changes
• What is the first-line treatment for acute gout attacks?

  NSAIDs or colchicine
• What is essential for managing chronic migraines?

  Prophylactic treatment
• What should be considered if propranolol is contraindicated for chronic migraines?

  Amitriptyline or topiramate
• What is an appropriate treatment for urinary tract infections in late pregnancy?

  Cefalexin
• What is acute rheumatic fever (ARF) a response to?

  Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection
• How is GAS infection eradicated in ARF?

  IV Benzylpenicillin followed by Phenoxymethylpenicillin
• What is the preferred first-line treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

  Nitrofurantoin
• What condition can lichen sclerosus lead to in older males?

  Phimosis and balanitis
• What is the most common causative organism of community-acquired pneumonia in the UK?

  Streptococcus pneumoniae
• What is the initial management for olecranon bursitis?

  Reassurance, rest, and activity modification
• What does the Eron classification categorize?

  The severity of cellulitis
• What is pica associated with?

  Iron deficiency anaemia
• What is often contraindicated for urge incontinence in the elderly?

  Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics
• What is a more appropriate medication for urge incontinence in the elderly?

  Mirabegron
• What is Bell's palsy characterized by?

  Sudden unilateral facial paralysis
• What medication is used to reduce inflammation in Bell's palsy?

  Prednisolone
• What is an appropriate option for emergency contraception within five days of unprotected intercourse?

  Ulipristal acetate (ellaOne)
• What is linked to a more favorable outcome in schizophrenia?

  A higher intellectual capacity
• What should be done for asthma patients with persistent symptoms despite ICS/LABA use?

  Step up to low-dose MART
• What should be done if a single pill is missed in combined oral contraceptive use?

  Take the missed pill as soon as possible
• What is an effective first-line option for emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse?

  A copper intrauterine device
• What benefit does the combined oral contraceptive pill provide for young women?

  Improves cycle consistency and alleviates acne
• What risks should be discussed with patients using the oral contraceptive pill?

  Increased risk of breast and cervical cancer
• What contraception is required for women with a history of breast cancer?

  A copper intrauterine device
• How should an 18-year-old woman start combined oral contraceptive pills?

  Take a pill daily for three weeks
• What can topical corticosteroids induce in individuals with darker skin types?

  Depigmentation
• What can cause subconjunctival haemorrhages in infants?

  Coughing or sneezing
• What should be done if an infant has subconjunctival haemorrhages but is well?

  Provide reassurance and no further intervention
• What contraceptive methods should women with active breast cancer use?

  Non-hormonal methods
• What is the most effective option for emergency contraception six hours after unprotected intercourse?

  An Intra-Uterine Device (IUD)
• What is an appropriate choice for a woman with a history of repeated STI infections seeking contraception?

  A long-acting reversible contraceptive implant
• What characterizes iron deficiency anaemia?

  Low haemoglobin and ferritin levels
• What does QRISK estimate?

  An individual's risk of cardiovascular disease
• What test is used to investigate coeliac disease?

  Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies serology test
• What is an absolute contraindication for combined oral contraceptive pills in women over 35?

  Smoking exceeding 15 cigarettes per day