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• What is the McRoberts maneuver used for?

  Managing shoulder dystocia during childbirth
• How does the McRoberts maneuver help during childbirth?

  It straightens the pelvic axis to release the shoulder
• What does pre-term pre-labour rupture of membranes increase the risk of?

  Premature delivery
• What are the symptoms of postnatal depression?

  Low mood, anhedonia, sleep disturbance
• What is required for a newborn of a mother with hepatitis B infection?

  Immediate vaccination and immunoglobulin
• How does a cesarean delivery affect future pregnancies?

  Increases the risk of placenta accreta
• What is the Woods' screw maneuver used for?

  Treatment of shoulder dystocia
• What are the most common organisms implicated in chorioamnionitis?

  Group B streptococcus and E.coli
• What is necessary if medical management fails in incomplete miscarriage?

  Surgical management may be necessary
• What does congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) lead to?

  Defects in the fetus
• How is CRS confirmed in newborns?

  By detecting IgM antibodies
• What are the symptoms of early-onset neonatal sepsis?

  Irritability, respiratory distress, blood count abnormalities
• What is essential for managing early-onset neonatal sepsis?

  Prompt intravenous benzylpenicillin
• What is a cord prolapse?

  An obstetric emergency requiring immediate delivery
• Why is immediate delivery necessary in cord prolapse?

  To prevent harm or death from cord compression
• What is the initial management for missed miscarriage?

  200mg of mifepristone followed by misoprostol
• What can maternal IgG antibodies cause in Rhesus negative fetuses?

  Haemolytic anaemia
• What is a low alpha fetoprotein level associated with?

  Chromosomal abnormalities like Down's syndrome
• How does oesophageal atresia affect amniotic fluid levels?

  It causes polyhydramnios due to inability to swallow
• What is vasa praevia?

  Fetal blood vessels lying over the cervix
• What complications can arise from vasa praevia?

  Severe maternal and fetal complications
• What is the purpose of the McRoberts maneuver?

  To manage shoulder dystocia
• How does suprapubic pressure enhance the McRoberts maneuver?

  It facilitates adjustment and reduction of fetal shoulders
• What should be considered for a primigravida with severe headaches and hypertension?

  Nifedipine is an appropriate alternative
• What is the standard treatment for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis?

  Oral fluconazole 150mg as a single dose
• Why should ergometrine be avoided in individuals with hypertension?

  It can cause uncontrolled blood pressure elevation
• What is required for third-degree perineal tears?

  Surgical repair in an operating theatre
• What are the symptoms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

  Pruritus and elevated bilirubin levels
• What is the management for molar pregnancies?

  Suction curettage to remove them
• What does vasa praevia increase the risk of?

  Significant fetal blood loss and potential death
• What are the thresholds for diagnosing gestational diabetes?

  5.6 mmol/l fasting, 7.8 mmol/l 2-hour
• What does quadruple testing for Down Syndrome include?

  Estriol, hCG, AFP, and inhibin A levels
• What is gravidity?

  Total number of pregnancies experienced
• What is parity?

  Number of pregnancies reaching at least 24 weeks
• What is the Rubin maneuver used for?

  Managing shoulder dystocia
• What are the immediate steps for a woman in preterm labor?

  Dexamethasone and transfer to a hospital
• What is crucial in pre-labour rupture of membranes at term?

  Sterile speculum examination
• What is the initial management for gestational diabetes with normal fasting glucose?

  Dietary modifications and increased physical activity
• What is acyclovir used for in pregnant women?

  Treating Varicella Zoster Virus
• Who may be given low-dose aspirin to reduce pre-eclampsia risk?

  Women over 40 with high BMI and long intervals