PTPSYCH PRELIMS REVIEWER

• Normality – a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Mental well-being presumes the absence of mental disorder (DSM-IV-tr)
• Patterns of behavior or personality traits that are typical or that conform to some standard of proper

  and acceptable ways of behaving and being.
• Mental disorder – a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern associated with distress (e.g., a

  painful symptom), or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important

  loss of freedom.
• Psychosis - grossly impaired reality testing.
• The term “psychiatry” was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808. The root

  word psych- means “soul” and the suffix -iatry means “medical treatment.” Hence, it literally means the

  ‘medical treatment of the soul.’
• Mental illness – mental and behavioral disorders are understood as clinically significant conditions

  characterized by alterations in thinking, mood (emotions) or behavior associated with personal distress

  and/or impaired functioning.
• Psychology – science that investigates behavior, experience, and normal functioning of the mind.
• Psychotherapy – treatment of psychological issues by nonphysical means.
• Psychoanalysis – particular sort of psychotherapy, or means of exploring the unconscious mind.
• With gross impairment in reality testing, persons incorrectly evaluate the accuracy of their perceptions and thoughts and make incorrect inferences about external reality, even in the face of contrary evidence.
• Predisposing factors – factors which determine an individual’s susceptibility to mental illness. They

  interact with precipitating factors resulting in mental illness.
• Synonymous with severe impairment of social and personal functioning characterized by social withdrawal and inability to perform the usual household and occupational roles.
• Neurosis – a chronic or recurrent disorder that is characterized mainly by anxiety, which appears alone or as a symptom such as an obsession, compulsion, phobia, or a sexual dysfunction.
• The predisposing factors are genetic make-up, physical damage to the central nervous system, and adverse psychosocial influence.
• Neurosis Implies that reality testing and personality organization is intact but the person is distressed by

  a variety of disturbing symptoms.
• Person seen as normal by his or her own society

  Autonormal
• Precipitating factors – events that occur shortly before the onset of a disorder and appear to have

  induced it.
• Person seen as abnormal by his or her own society

  Autopathological
• Physical stress and Psychosocial stress are the precipitating factors.
• Perpetuating factors – factors which are responsible for aggravating or prolonging the diseases already existing in an individual (e.g., psychosocial stress).
• etiological factors of mental illness can be:

  1. Biological factors
  2. Physiological changes
  3. Psychological factors
  4. Social factors
• Normality is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
• Mental well-being presumes the absence of mental disorder
• Patterns of behavior or personality traits that are typical or that conform to some standard of proper and acceptable ways of behaving and being
• Mental disorder is a behavioral or psychological syndrome associated with distress or a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or loss of freedom
• Psychosis involves grossly impaired reality testing
• Neurosis is a chronic or recurrent disorder characterized mainly by anxiety
• Autonormal refers to a person seen as normal by their own society
• Autopathological refers to a person seen as abnormal by their own society
• Heteronormal refers to a person seen as normal by members of another society observing them
• Heteropathological refers to a person seen as unusual or pathological by members of another society observing them
• Mental health is the successful performance of mental functions resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, and the ability to adapt and cope with adversity
• Normality can be measured only in terms of what persons do or do not do
• Thomas Szasz believes that defining normality is beyond the realm of psychiatry
• Functional perspectives to normality include health, utopia, average, and process
• Psychoanalytic concepts of normality involve various theorists' perspectives on what constitutes normality
• Infancy is marked by the delivery of the fetus
• 2 years old:

  • Runs well, no falling
  • Kicks large ball
  • Goes up and down stairs alone
  • Fine motor skills increase
  • Builds a tower of six or seven cubes
  • Aligns cubes, imitating train
  • Imitates vertical and pulls on simple garment
  • Domestic mimicry
  • Refers to self by name
  • Says no to mother
• 3 years old:

  • Rides tricycle
  • Jumps from bottom steps
  • Alternates feet going up stairs
  • Builds tower of 9 or 10 cubes
  • Imitates a three-cube bridge
  • Copies a circle and a cross
  • Puts on shoes
  • Unbuttons buttons
  • Feeds self well
  • Understands taking turns