PR

• Search meaning is to investigate. The prefix “re” means again and signifies of the search. Literally, research means, “to investigate again”
• Characteristics of Research

  • Empirical
  • Logical
  • Cyclical
  • Analytical
  • Critical
  • Methodical
  • Replicability
• Types of Research based on Application of Research Method

  • Pure Research
  • Applied Research
• Qualities of a Good Researcher

  • Research Oriented
  • Efficient
  • Scientific
  • Effective
  • Active
  • Resourceful
  • Creative
  • Honest
  • Economical
  • Religious
• Functions of Research

  • Research corrects perceptions
  • Research gathers information on subjects or phenomena we lack or have a little knowledge about
  • Research develops and evaluates concepts, practices, and theories
  • Research obtains knowledge for practical purposes like solving problems on population explosion, drug addiction, juvenile delinquency, and the like
• Research is defined as a purposive and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data
• The word research is derived from the old French word, “cerchier” which means to “seek or search”
• Types of Research based on Types of Data Needed


  • Qualitative Research
  • Quantitative Research
• Approaches to Research

  • Scientific Approach
  • Naturalistic Approach
• Inquiry


  A learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places, or events
• Types of Research based on Purpose of the Research

  • Descriptive Research
  • Correlational Research
  • Exploratory Research
  • Action Research
• Characteristics of the researcher

  • Intellectual Curiosity
  • Prudence
  • Intellectual Honesty
  • Intellectual Creativity
• Ethics


  A branch of philosophy dealing with the rightness or wrongness of an act, conforming to accepted professional practice
• Scientific Method of Research

  1. Determining the Problem

  2. Forming Hypothesis

  3. Doing the Library Research

  4. Designing the Study

  5. Developing the instruments for collecting data

  6. Collecting the Data

  7. Analyzing the Data

  8. Determining the implication and conclusions from findings

  9. Making recommendations for future research
• Ethics in Research
• Triangulation Approach


  • Combining Scientific and Naturalistic approaches in research design, using multiple methods for data gathering and analysis
• Scientific Approach


  • Discover and measure information, observe and control variables in an impersonal manner
• Naturalistic Approach


  • Uses words, deals with qualitative data on how people behave toward their surroundings
• Characteristics of Qualitative Research

  • Naturalistic inquiry
  • Inductive analysis
  • Holistic perspective
  • Qualitative data
  • Personal contact and insight
  • Dynamic systems
  • Unique Case Orientation
  • Context Sensitivity
  • Emphatic Neutrality
  • Design flexibility
• Types of Qualitative Research Designs

  • Phenomenology
  • Ethnography
  • Grounded Theory
  • Case Study
  • Action Research
• Avoided Research Topics

  • Controversial issues
  • Very new topics
  • Personal bias and discriminating topics
  • Supernatural and paranormal topics
  • Political conflicts
  • How to commit crimes
• Guidelines in Choosing a Research Topic

  • Interest in the Subject Matter
  • Availability of Information
  • Timeliness and Relevance of the Topic
  • Limitations on the Subject
  • Personal Resources
• Things to consider in selecting a topic
• Scope and Delimitation


  Description of what is included in the study and what is not included
• Objectives of the Study

  Research objectives describe what the research project intends to accomplish and guide every step of the research process
• Sources of Research Topics

  • Specialization
  • Mass Media Communication (Newspaper, TVs, Radio, Films)
  • Periodicals and Journals
  • Work Experience (OJT, Fieldwork)
  • Thesis and Dissertation
  • Creative ideas of a research
• Assumptions

  • Realistic expectations provide a basis to develop theories, research instruments, and influence the development and implementation of the research process
• Definition of Terms

  Important in exploring common understanding within improvement teams and ensuring people understand the same thing about key terms or issues
• Research Question / Statement of the Problem is a statement of the purpose of the study and a series of questions that will help in researching the topic
• Theoretical Framework

  A foundational review of existing theories that serves as a roadmap for developing arguments in research
• Background of the Study serves to provide readers with the background and general direction of the research paper, bring about a smooth transition into the major discussion of the paper, and arouse curiosity among the readers
• Significance of the Study


  A list of the people or institutions who will benefit from the study and how they will benefit
• Elements of a Research Title

  • The subject matter or topic to be investigated
  • The place or locale where the research is to be conducted
  • The population or universe from who the data are to be collected
  • The TIME period of the study during which the data are to be collected
• Topics to consider in selecting a research topic

  • Time frame for completion
  • Benefit to the community
  • Focus on a specific area of knowledge
  • Interesting topics
  • Measurable and observable topics