Reading and Writing

• The claim is the most important part of the text. It defines the quality and complexity of the reading as it gives direction and scope to the text.
• claim is simply the main argument of a text
• The claim is a sentence that summarizes the most important thing that the writer wants to say as a result of his/her thinking, reading, or writing experiences.
• CLAIM OF FACT is an argument that is verifiable through evidence.It asserts that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and is based on facts or data.
• CLAIM OF VALUE attempts to prove that some things are more or less desirable than others.This claim exhibits value judgments, expresses tastes and morals, and resolves conflict between values. Simply put, it argues whether something is good or bad.
• CLAIM OF POLICY suggests a solution to a problem that has been defined or described by an argument.
• Explicit Textual Evidence - stated directly in the passage.
• Implicit Textual Evidence - not stated directly, but a reader understands it because of clues in the text.
• Intertextuality or intertext is one method of text development that enables the author to make another text based on another text. It happens when some properties of an original text are incorporated in the text that is created by another author. One good reason why it occurs is perhaps the second writer is greatly affected or influenced by the first writer leading to a combination of imitation and creation.Rearrange the jumbled letters to decode the needed words. After doing so, put these words together inside the box below to unlock the meaning of the given term
• Intertext Defined Intertext or intertextuality is technically defined as a process of text development that merges two more processes such as imitation and creation in doing a text. It involves imitation because the author, as highly influenced by another author comes up with his version of the text consciously or unconsciously incorporating the style and other characteristics of the text done by that author.
• Retelling It is the restatement of a story or re-expression of a narrative
• Quotation It is the method of directly lifting the exact statements or set of words from a text another author has made.
• Allusion In this method, a writer or speaker explicitly or implicitly pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without the use of a quotation.
• Pastiche It is a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other properties of another text without making fun of it unlike in a parody.
• Hypertext is a way to organize information in a digital format that makes use of traditional text structures (words, sentences, pages, articles or chapters, books, and libraries) as enhanced by the multiple linkages (words to words, words to sentences, sentences to sentences, sentences to pages, pages to pages, pages to chapters, and so on) possible in cyberspace. When hypertexts further employ graphics, images, audio, and video, they become hypermedia.
• Writing is the process of choosing the appropriate letters, characters, and symbols to be written on paper
• Reading is an act of decoding the letters, characters, or symbols that were written,posted or published
• BRAINSTORMING - Brainstorming is a technique to generate ideas within a group or individual setting.
• Idea list - Start by listing down broad topics then go on by identifying related, narrower topics.
• Concept map - Begin by writing the main concept in the middle and then adding more branches for its subtopics.Explore more topics by adding morebranches.
• OUTLINING - Outlines serve as a road map or blueprint when writing. It helps organize the ideas as it shows the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information.
• Topic outline - uses words or phrases as headings, without punctuation
• Sentence outline - uses full sentences
• Parallelism - putting the words in the same grammatical order (parallel grammatical structure)
• Coordination - arranging ideas according to their value or importance; ideas of the of the same relevance or value are labeled in the same way;
• Subordination - arranging ideas in levels of significance: major and minor
• Division - separating the kinds of points you are making by using a consistent basis of division and distinction.
• . USING GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS - Graphic organizers are visual and graphic displays that show the relationships among concepts or ideas. There are many different kinds of graphic organizers depending on the type of information being organized.
• Text organization is achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged. It is said that ideas are well developed when there is a clear statement of purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details, definitions, explanations, justifications, or opposing viewpoints.
• Physical Format!The format is an aspect of the organization that is immediately apparent to the reader. It is seen in how text physically appears like headings andsubheadings, bullet points, or font emphasis.
• structure refers to the complete framework of the text.
• Signal words are the cue in the ordering of events and concepis.
• Cohesion refers to the logical flow and connection in a written text and is achieved through the use of devices to link sentences together so that there is a logical flow between ideas from one sentence to the next.
• Coherence refers to the unity or togetherness of the text as a whole and is achieved through the effective grouping and arrangement of ideas in a logical order.
• Cohesion without coherence has ideas that are logically sequenced in a way that is easy to follow for the reader.
• Coherence without cohesion has a central concept or glue that holds all the different ideas together.
• Chronological Order:The details are organized in the order in which they happened.
• Spatial order The sentences of a paragraph are organized according to the geographical location such as left to right up to down etc.
• Emphatic OrderThe information in the paragraph is organized to emphasize certain points depending on the writer's purpose.
• LANGUAGE USE you must make good choices when it comes to language use because how you use the language affects the tone of the text and the reader's interpretation of it.