NEMATODES 2

• Enterobius vermicularis common name : pinworm
• male enterobius vermicularis has a characteristic curved tail with a single spicule and cephalic alae
• male enterobius vermicularis are rarely seen because they die after copulation.
• male enterobius vermicularis are Meromyarian musculature which has 2 – 6 rows of muscle cells present per quadrant
• female enterobius vermicularis has a long pointed tail
• female enterobius vermicularis are capable of laying as much as 4672 to 16888 eggs/day
• outer ova of enterobius vermicularis has triple albuminous covering and inner has lipoidal membrane
• outside the host, eggs of enterobius vermicularis become infective in 4-6 hours
• enterobius vermicularis Infective Stage: embryonated egg autoinfection is possible
• Pathology of enterobius vermicularis : 1. Perianal itching , Autoinfection , Familial disease
• Route of infection of enterobius vermicularis : Mouth , Respiratory system , Anus
• enterobius vermicularis pathology: In women: Vaginitis and Endometritis
• Diagnosis of enterobius vermicularis : Scotch tape technique when before the patient’s bowel movement or before the patient has taken a bath
• treatment for enterobius vermicularis: Pyrantel pamoate , Albendazole , Mebendazole
• strongyloides stercoralis common name; threadworm
• the short buccal cavity of female strongyloides stercoralis has 4 indistinct lips
• uteri of female strongyloides stercoralis contain a single file of 8-12 thin-shelled, transparent, segmented ova
• free-living female strongyloides stercoralis has a muscular double-bulbed esophagus and the intestine is a straight cylindrical tube
• male strongyloides stercoralis has a ventrally curved tail, two copulatory spicules, a gubernaculum no caudal alae
• strongyloides stercoralis eggs is rarely seen in stool sample
• Infective Stage of strongyloides stercoralis is filariform Larva
• Diagnostic Stage of strongyloides stercoralis is rhabditiform Larva in stool sample
• Eggs of strongyloides stercoralis hatch in mucosa of intestines & are rarely seen in feces
• Demonstration of rhabditiform larvae and/or filariform larvae in the feces using: a) DFS b) Concentration technique c) Baermann technique
• Prevention and Control of strongyloides stercoralis : 1. Proper sewage disposal 2. Avoid walking barefooted
• Control or treatment for strongyloides stercoralis : Ivermectin and Thiabendazole
• Hookworms Disease: - Ancylostomiasis - Necatoriasis - Uncinariasis and hookworm diseases
• Posses a bursa which aids in the speciation of male hookworms and exhibits a dental pattern
• female hookworms adults may live 2-14 years and rarely seen in the stool since firmly attached to the mucosa
• Non-infective, feeding stage of hookworms - Rhabditiform Larva
• Infective, non-feeding stage of hookwroms : Filariform Larva
• Necator americanus (New-World Hookworm)
• Ancylostoma duodenale (Old-World Hookworm)
• Infective Stage of hookworms - filariform larva
• Diagnostic Stage of hookorms - eggs
• Clinical Disease caused by hookworms : 1. Pneumonitis 2. Allergic Reactions 3. Anemia 4. Cutaneous Larva Migrans
• Larva of hookworm is not seen in feces (unless the specimen is left for 24 hours)
• hookworms (1) Ancylostoma braziliense
• hookworms (2) Ancylostoma caninum
• hookworms (3) Ancylostoma ceylanicum