2.3 Shaping forming and manipulation

• Forming:

  A type of process that changes the dimensions or shape of a solid material, without changing the volume
• Shaping:

  A type of process that involves pouring or forcing liquid material into a mould
• Bending


  Forcing something straight into a curve or angle
• Former


  A device in a required profile that a material can be formed against
• Jig


  A device to hold a workpiece
• Folding


  Bending a material over on itself
• Press forming


  A forming operation used to change the shape of a sheet material using pressure from a press
• Punching


  A process where a hole is made in a sheet and the material pushed out is scrap
• Stamping


  A process where a part is pushed out of a sheet making a hole and the remaining material that was around it is scrap
• Mould


  A hollow container used to give shape to a piece of material
• Bending


  • Thin sections of metal can be bent when cold
  • Both metals and polymers are easier to bend when heated
  • Bending jigs are used when an accurate bend or particular shape is needed
• Folding


  1. Using a bending bar and mallet

  2. Using a hydraulic press and former
• Press forming


  1. Using a ram and die

  2. Using a press and mould