metals and non metals

• Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.
• ionic compounds

  are chemical compounds composed of positively charged ions, usually derives from metals, and negatively charged ions, usually derived from non metals
• ionic bonding


  is the electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. this attraction holds the ions together in a stable compound
• ores


  Minerals that can be profitably processed to extract metals are

  specifically termed ores.
• minerals


  The naturally occurring elements or compounds found in the Earth's

  crust are referred to as minerals.
• Reaction with Oxygen (metals):

  Metal+Oxygen→Metal Oxide
• Reaction with Water (metals):

  Metal+Water→Metal Hydroxide+Hydrogen
• Reaction with Acids (metals):


  Metal+Acid→Salt+Hydrogen
• metallurgy

  Metallurgy is the systematic process of extracting metals in their pure

  state from respective ores and refining them for practical use.
• gangue

  Undesirable impurities, such as soil and sand, present in ores are

  termed gangue
• concentration of the ore


  The process of removing gangue from the ore is known as

  enrichment or concentration of the ore.
• extraction of mercury

  2HgS+3O2(g)+heat → 2HgO+2SO2(g)

  2HgO(s)+heat → 2Hg(l)+O2(g)
• Extraction of copper

  Cu2S+3O2(g)+heat→2Cu2O(s)+2SO2(g)

  2Cu2O(s)+Cu2S(s)+heat → 6Cu+ SO2(g)
• roasting

  it is a process in which sulphide ore is strongly heated in the presence of air to convert it into metal oxide
• calcination 


  it is a process in which a carbonate or is heated strongly in the absence of air to convert it into metal oxide
• thermite reaction

  the reduction of metal oxides to form metal by using aluminium powder as reducing agent is called thermite reaction
• Corrosion

  Corrosion is the gradual destruction of pure metals by air, moisture, or chemicals