Respiration

• Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP, releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
• In humans, gas exchange takes place at the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
• Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP in a series of reactions involving glucose and oxygen.
• The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases between an organism's body and its environment.
• Internal respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic capillaries and the body tissues.
• Gas exchange occurs through diffusion across membranes, with oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving it.
• Respiration involves the breakdown of food molecules to release energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
• External respiration is the exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere with carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration.
• Oxygen enters the body via the mouth or nose and travels through the trachea and bronchioles to reach the alveoli.
• External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere and carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration.
• Oxygen enters the body via the nose or mouth and travels through the trachea and bronchioles to reach the alveoli in the lungs.
• Carbon dioxide leaves the body through exhalation, traveling back up the bronchioles and trachea to exit through the nose or mouth.
• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and results in more efficient energy production compared to anaerobic respiration.
• Oxygen enters the body during breathing and travels to cells via the circulatory system.
• Carbon dioxide leaves the body during exhalation.
• Inhalation (breathing in) brings air into the lungs, while exhalation (breathing out) removes air from them.
• Breathing rate refers to the number of breaths taken per minute, which can vary depending on factors such as exercise level or emotional state.
• Carbon dioxide leaves the body through exhalation.
• In external respiration, air moves into the lungs due to differences in pressure caused by breathing movements.
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose+ oxygen =carbon dioxide + water
• Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is not enough oxygen present to complete cellular respiration.
• Which realeases more energy aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic
• Where in an organism does respiration take place?

  Mitochondria
• What is oxygen debt?

  the oxygen your body needs to take in to break down lactic acid post exercise
• Which muscles need to contract for you to breathe in?

  Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
• What is the route of oxygen?

  mouth, throat, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveolus, bloodstream
• How does exhaled air differ from inhaled air?

  more water vapour, warmer, more carbon dioxide, less oxygen
• give two reasons why smoking is dangerous to health: - it causes lung cancer - it causes heart disease
• Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place?

  Alveoli
• How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

  -thin cell walls - large surface area to volume ratio - moist lining to enable gases to dissolve - good blood supply
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans & bacteria?

  glucose = lactic acid + energy
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in fungi (fermentation)?

  glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
• What is hydrogen carbonate indicator used for?

  testing CO2 levels
• True or false: anaerobic respiration fully breaks down glucose. False
• Breathing in involves:

  • Alveoli
  • Bronchiole
  • Bronchus
  • Lung
  • Trachea
• the respiratory system:

  • Diaphragm
  • Ribs
  • pleural cavity
  • Intercostal muscles
  • Pleural cavity
  • Nasal cavity
• Intercostal muscles contract to move the ribs upwards and outwards during inhalation
• The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards during inhalation
• The volume inside the chest increases during inhalation, causing a decrease in pressure
• This decrease in pressure during inhalation causes air to rush into the lungs, leading to their inflation