Migration

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Cards (103)

1700-1900 - Italian experience - harmony
- Worked as street musicians - tricks, hurdy-gurdy, tamed monkeys
- Did hard work English did not want (eg laying asphalt)
- Developed skills from Italy - ceramics
- Small ice cream businesses able to develop in cities
1700-1900 - Irish experience - conflict
- Navvie job hard and dangerous - killed injured, poverty
- Lots of migrants put strain on city systems - disease spread, crowded housing
- Prejudice with work, religion, tension, wages etc.
1700-1900 - Irish experience - harmony
- Working as a Navvie hard and dangerous but had employment
- Many joined the army
1700-1900 - German experience - conflict
- Free thinkers (Freidrich Engels, Karl Marx) part of working class mass protest movements
1700-1900 - German experience - harmony
- Population spread across Britain
- Engineers and scientists set up small companies that prospered
- Smaller business set up also
1700-1900 - Asian experience - conflict
- Some Ayahs not given tickets - left to fend for themselves - many destitute
- Organisations wanted to convert Ayahs/ Lascars to Christianity
- Some Lascars abandoned in ports
1700-1900 - Asian experience - harmony
- Ayahs travelled with families from India - return ticket usually included
- Mid 19th - English women started hostel for abandoned Ayahs
- Lascars hired by EIC for ships found work in ports
- Hostels opened for destitute Lascars
1700-1900 - African experience - conflict
- Many that came after American war could not find work - begging
- Relief committee sent people back to Africa - stopped providing help
- Sailors willing to work in poorer conditions
1700-1900 - African experience - harmony
- In theory free - no laws stating their position
- During American Independence war - many fought for Britain and offered freedom
- 1786 - Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor - set up to provide food and clothes
- Communities began to grow
- African sailors migrated - recruited to work in boiler rooms
1700-1900 - Jewish experience - conflict
- Leaders wanted them to learn English way
- House cramped with many generations
- Sweatshop workers worked long hours in bad conditions - little pay
- Believed Jewish we're dangerous and stealing jobs - increase attacks
- Believed Jack the Ripper was Jewish - Suspicious on Schochetim - ritual slaughterers
1700-1900 - Jewish experience - harmony
- Worked in clothing, shoes, furniture - no specialised equipment
- Despite Jack the Ripper, drew attention to fix slums
1700-1900 - Reasons - Italian
- Avoid warfare between states joining
- Changes in agriculture cause poverty
- British healthier - severe outbreaks of Typhus and Cholera
1700-1900 - Reasons - German
- Avoid war between German states
- British economy and strength and political freedom - skilled migrants
- Political activists and thinkers had greater freedoms
1700-1900 - Reasons - Asian Migrants
- Education opportunities - attending unis after 1857
- Indian Princes forced out by EIC with riches
- 1700 - Indian servants migrated with colonial families - status symbol
- Recruited by EIC (Lascars) - poor conditions and wages
1700-1900 - Reasons - African
- Transatlantic slave trade - forced migration - 1807, 3.2 million
- Royal African Company - founded by CII and powerful figures invested
1700-1900 - Reasons - Jewish Migrants
- Established communities - Whitechapel & Spitalfields - 1888 - 40%
- Fleeing Russian Empire persecution
- Jobs & Jewish free school
- Politics - 1855 first Jewish London mayor, 1858 first Jewish MP
1700-1900 - Reasons - Irish Migrants
- Potato famine 1845&46 - food prices rise and crop destroyed
- 1 million die from starvation and 2 million forced to migrate
- Belfast is only industrialised city - little jobs, poverty high
- Poverty high among Catholics - Catholic Emancipation Act in England 1829
- 1815 - population rise
- Dublin close to Liverpool - had strong links to America
1700-1900 - Reasons - Internal migrants
- Higher wages in London
- Evicted - 10000 tenant farmers and families
- More exciting culture
1700-1900 - Reasons - Transport
- Improved Roads - 1840s network of roads ran from London to all major cities
- 1820s - canal networks linked all manufacturing sights
- 1830 - Liverpool to Manchester railroad
- 1900 - 5 major railroad companies operated 22000 miles of track
- Railroads from Bristol to New York and Liverpool to Australia
1700-1900 - Reasons - Political
- 1832 Reform Act - gave vote to more men owning property/paying high rents and MPs to larger towns
- 1829 - Catholic Emancipation Act - allowed Catholics almost all rights of Protestants
- 1830s - Restriction lifted on Jews (1858 - Jewish could become MPs)
- 1807- Slave trade abolished
- 1833 - British Empire forbidden
1700-1900 - Reasons - Economical
- 1750-1850 Industrial revolution - coal, textiles, manufactured goods
- 1800s - larger industrial towns (Glasgow, Birmingham, Manchester)
- Population grew 5 million to 32.5 million
- New docks - better trade - Britain used it's empire for materials
- Sugar from British owned plantations made merchants rich
1500-1700 - Impacts - Religion
- Church no longer had control of literary spread in the country
- Huguenots helped bring tolerance - allowed their own churches
- Moses Hart helped built first Great Synagogue- felt he had to lose some identity to be English (trimmed beard and did not wear head covering)
- Huguenots - more tolerance
1500-1700 - Impacts - Governance
- Jewish had contracts to supply army with equipment
- Funded William III 'Glorious Revolution' (Suasso)
- Printing meant reading and writing became more important - church lost control with new ideas shared
- 1535 - 2/3 in book trade were Europeans - HVIII imposed restrictions on foreigners
1500-1700 - Impacts - Geography
- -Dutch workers descended in Fens and worked 1630s - Cornelius invited by CI to drain Fens
- Dutch workers straightened rivers and dug ditches, embankments and sluices, made dams, windmills, pumps - 1642 40000 acres drained for agricultural land
- Fen tigers tried to sabotage work as lost their livelihood
- Fens changed to Farmland, Landscape, Crops, Oil mills, Lakes - most of which used in trade
1500-1700 - Impacts - Economy
- Huguenots boosted cloth trade - new techniques, boosted fashion industry (silk in higher classes)
- Huguenots iron workers helped develop steel industry, started paper industry
- 123 Huguenots provided 10% of 1.2 million Bank of E - 7 of 25 directors H.
- Huguenots knew about investment and national debt - money used to expand empire
- Jewish migrants families Hart and Frank family wealthy - helped employ many
- Moses Hart one of the 12 'Jew brokers' allowed to trade on royal exchange
-Jews Suasso and Solomon de Medina supported monarchs and noblemen
1500-1700 - Impacts - Language
- Huguenots brought new words (surnames, fabric names, road names)
- Jewish migrants - words related to the religion became more well known as communities grow
1500-1700 - Impacts - Culture
- Mostly affected rich
- Reading more important - improved communications
- 1500 - 5 Printers - all European - brought new ideas
- Huguenots - silk industry popular among rich
- Vergil - priest sent by Pope 1502 - wrote 26 history books used in schools however extremely biased
- Hans Holbein, Anthony Van Dyke, Peter Lely - famous migrant painters
-Art became famous - helped diversity
1500-1700 - Walloons Experience - Harmony
- 800 looms by end of century - 1676 1000+ looms
- New trades eg silk dying, diamond cutting, sugar refining
- Communities 12 elders worked closely with city authorities
- Community grew rapidly - 1595 - 1/3 city
- 1588 helped prep defences against possible Spanish invasion
1500-1700 - Flemish Experience - conflict
- 1581 - can only work in cloth/fishing by EI - appealed in 82 - got permission
- 1582 - 45 families leave for other opportunities
1500-1700 - Flemish Experience - Harmony
- 1568 - 1/3 of Sandwich born abroad
- Flemish farmers introduced celery for 1st time
- 1572 - EI visits town with celebration
1500-1700 - Asian Experience - Conflict
- Indian Child servants are status symbols
1500-1700 - African Experience - Conflict
- 1700 - Harry Johnson advertised as purchasable slave
- 1700s - 15 yo slave ran - reward for return issued
1500-1700 - African Experience - Harmony
- 1590s - Edward Swarthye - Porter at Wynter's manor
- 1545 - Mary Rose sank & Jacques Francis helped salvage goods
- 1687 - John Blanke - was a trumpeter for HVIII - shown in tapestry
1500-1700 - Gypsies Experience - Conflict
- 1530 - HIII leave or be deported
- 1554 & 1562 - only if they remained in one place
- Hangings from 1577 - 95
- 1650s - forced transportation to North America and Caribbean
1500-1700 - Gypsies Experience - Harmony
- 1554 - Mary I allowed them to stay (if stayed in one place)
- 1562 - EI allowed them to become English subjects (if stayed in one place)
1500-1700 - Jewish Experience - Conflict
-1700 - 1000 Jews in society dependent on richer people
- Ashenki Jewish arrive in large numbers
- Relief system used by others pretending for help
- Antisematism - could not go to uni, poor rep in media, depicted as criminals
1500-1700 - Jewish Experience - Harmony
- 1644 - Gates of Hope - boy's school for poor boys paid by synagogue funds
- 1657 - Solomon Dormide 1st to trade on Royal Exchange
- 1701 - Bevis Marks - larger synagogue
- 1730 - Villa Real - Girls school
- Mendes de Costa family - successful bankers
1500-1700 - Palatines Experience - Conflict
- Mainly agricultural labourers - only general far, labour available
- Sep 1709 - 3000 deported to Ireland - poor land quality and hated by Catholic majority
- 3000 sail to New York - Many die on route, from typhoid and immigrant hating mobs
1500-1700 - Palatines Experience - Harmony
- 1714 - Sir Thomas Southwell uses own money/land to settle 130 families in his estates - others similar
1500-1700 - Huguenots Experience - Conflict
- Some desperately poor - took to petty crime