Civil Rights Notes

• What is a zeitgeist? A feeling mood or spirit of an era or time period
• What did Jim Crow laws do? Kept black people in a legal form of poverty (by creating legal slavery) and segregated people (by race)
• What were the reconstruction amendments? 13 14 15
• What did the 13th amendment do? Abolished slavery
• What did the 14th amendment do? Made all african americans citizens and gave them the right to life liberty and the pursuit of happiness
• What did the 15th amendment do? Gave african american men the right to vote
• Which group in the US disregarded the 15th amendment? The southern states they did not want to let black people vote even up until the 60s
• What were the 4 things that the south did to try to stop black people from voting? "Made them take extremely difficult literacy tests Poll tax: 100 dollars back then 5 000 dollars todayGrandfather clause: if you're black and your grandfather was a slave you can't voteLynching: this was an intimidation tactic kinda like ""you're next"""
• After reconstruction what does each state do? Makes jim crow laws which segregated black people and keep them in slavery
• Who was the first real civil rights activist as a president and what did he do? Truman he desegregated the military in his fair deal foreign policy
• Any movement needs 3 things: Clear cut objective or goal that is quantifiable (if you dont know what youre trying to do how are you gonna do it) Leadership Need a lot of support / large numbers
• What are the 3 steps to any movement? People need to know it's happening (use the media it is the most powerful tool to do this) You gotta care enough to actually do something about it (making a call joining the movement etc) You have to care enough to persevere through everything to get to the end (you need that leader and inspiration)
• When doing a grass roots movement how are you acheiving your goal? You are putting pressure on the person you're trying to stop by forcing people to make changes
• What makes a movement more news worthy? The more extreme the status quo gets the more cray it is so it's more news worthy
• In order to get some people involved what needs to happen? Extreme circumstances need to happen for people to join the causes
• What are the 2 types of movement and what are they? Grass roots it's just people making a change and the other kind is movements who actually change the law (like NAACP)
• What are the methods of protest? Boycotting: stop dong something for a cause Walkout: kind alike a strike you just get up and leave Picketing: peaceful protest you hold up a sign or stop an entrance Revolution/Riot: Storm the capital or overthrow the government Marches: marching for a cause Speeches: when the words are powerful the message is powerfulSit-in: When you become a literal obstacle every day until you acheive your goal (you have to do this because walks don't work the workplace will just hire someone new)
• When was the NAACP founded? 1909
• What are the 2 types of segregation? De jure de facto
• What is de jure segregation? Legal segregation such as jim crow black codes etc; it is fixed when the law is changed and represents state v. federal laws
• What is de facto segregation? Cultural segregation that is very deceptive; it is fixed by changing attitudes
• After Truman who was the first president who really supported civil rights? Kennedy then LBJ
• What are the names of important cases about de jure segregation? Norris v. Alabama Morgan v. Virginia Sweatt v. Painter
• What was Norris v. Alabama? Case that stated that you can't exclude AA from juries
• What was Morgan v. Virginia? Case that declared segregation on intrastate buses unconstitutional
• What was Sweatt v. Painter? Case that said that law schools must admit qualified AA aplicants even if black school exists
• When did the modern civil rights movement begin? Why? During ww2 african american soldiers has to fight for the approval to fight and it made them realize the issues with racism
• Who was Thurgood Marshall? Attorney who tried brown v. board in front of the court separate but equal was ruled unconstitutional and plessy v. ferguson was overruled (main idea is separate but equal)
• What does CORE stand for and what did they do? Congress of racial equality; they succesfully desegregated restauraunts in the northern and western areas of the country
• What was brown v. board of education about? Linda brown the daughter of a ww2 veteran was forced to go to the segregated black school in her town so her dad filed a lawsuit so she could go to the white school
• What was the BVBOE ruling? What was the result or effects? Ruled that separate but equal in schools is unconstitutional; Results is that it verruled plessy v. ferguson and effects were that not every state follwoed this ruling because they beleived in stat v federal rights
• What court case did thurgood marshall present to gainhis credibility? BVBOE
• What is the emmett till story? He lives in a black neighbohood in Chicago he goes to Mississippi for the summer (different rules) one day he accidentally whistles at a white girl and he gets killed by her husband
• What was rosa parks job? Seamstress and secretary for the montgomery division of the NAACP
• What did rosa parks do? Didn't get up from the front of the bus which was for black people she gets arrested
• Did rosa parks plan her incident? No she didnt even plan it she was just tired but when it happened she wanted to fight for her rights
• Was rosa parks the first to do this kind of thing? No claudette colvin is one of the famous people who had done it before rosa
• What was the montgomery bus boycott? Occured after rosa parks arrest where they made the montgomery improvement association with MLK as president; african americans stopped riding the bus for a whole year
• What was the goal of the civil rights movement? Get racial equaility by getting rid of de jure segregation (getting rid of jim crow laws)
• What did the emmett till case do? Raised awareness and it was a catalyst like a book could be