ex. 27 [functional anat. of endocrine glands]

Cards (39)

  • nervous systems is fast acting w/ rapid control whereas the endocrine takes a couple days due to hormones being transported to target organs via circulatory system
  • hormone: slow acting chemical messenger
  • hormone molecular groups are steroids and amino-acids
  • target cell: cells w/in an organ that respond to a particular hormone
  • specific cellular receptors are needed in order for a hormone to take effect on a tissue
  • thyroid
    • located in anterior neck
    • produced key hormones for metabolism
  • hypothalamus
    • located in third ventricle
    • produces releasing hormones for anterior pituitary and produce hormones for posterior pituitary
  • pancreas
    • behind the stomach and close to small intestine
    • mixed gland that secretes insulin (beta cell) and glucagon (alpha cell)
  • testes
    • in scrotum
    • produces testosterone and sperm
  • pituitary
    • located in sella turcica of sphenoid bone
    • releases tropic hormones as well as non-tropic hormones
  • ovaries
    • female pelvic cavity
    • produces estrogen, progesterone, and ova
  • thymus
    • upper thorax, overlying heart
    • thymulin, thymosin and thymopoietin for T-cell and immunity
  • pineal gland
    • roof of third ventricle of brain
    • produces melatonin
  • stimulated by tropic hormone
    • ACTH
    • estrogen
    • T3/T4
    • testosterone
    • TSH
    • FSH
  • norepinephrine and epinephrine are stimulated by nervous system
  • humoral factor stimulated
    • calcitonin
    • parathyroid hormone
    • insulin
  • tetany is a result of low calcium levels, parathyroid hormone (PTH)
  • excessive urine output without high blood glucose levels, low ADH
  • loss of glucose in urine, low insulin
  • abnormally low stature w/ normal proportions, low GH
  • in adults: large bones of hands, feet and face, excessive GH
  • nervousness, irregular pulse, sweating, excessive TH
  • demineralization of bones, excessive PTH
  • hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
    • children is cretinism: mental retardation w/ disproportionately short-sized body
    • adults is myxedema: low MR, edema, physical and mental sluggishness
  • hypersecretion of thyroid hormone
    • grave's disease: elevated BMR, sweating, irregular heart rate, weight loss, eyeball protrusion, nervousness
  • parafollicular cells of thyroid produce calcitonin which inhibits calcium release from bone
  • follicular cells of thyroid produce T3 and T4
  • beta cells of pancreatic islets produce insulin
  • alpha cells of pancreatic islet produce glucagon
  • basophil cells of anterior pituitary produce TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
  • zona fasciculata cells produce glucocorticoids like cortisol
  • zona glomerulosa cells produce mineralocorticoids like aldosterone
  • parathyroid cell produce parathyroid hormone which increases calcium levels in the blood
  • acidophil cells of anterior pituitary produce GH and prolactin (peptide hormones)
  • tumor on adrenal medulla can cause hypersecretion of catecholamines, which trigger fight-or-flight response
  • thyroid slide
    A) thyroid follicle w/ colloid
    B) follicular cells
  • parathyroid slide
    A) oxyphil cells
    B) parathyroid cells
  • pancreatic islet
    A) alpha cells (glucagon)
    B) beta cells (insulin)
    C) acini cells
  • adrenal gland
    A) zona glomerulosa
    B) mineral corticoids (aldosterone)
    C) zona fasciculata
    D) glucocorticoids (cortisol)
    E) zona reticularis
    F) androgens