Child + Youth Chapter 2

• Entertainment narrative

  self-defining, allow connections with others
• Self-explanation narrative

  relational concerns, mainly gains and losses
• Findings from the Study

  telling for self-explanation was most common and has higher meaning. Males most likely to tell stories for entertainment
• Understanding narrative

  describe if telling the memory helps better understand it
• Telling narrative

  how many people they shared this memory with. What led them to tell the memory
• From the Study:

  asked to report on self defining memories.
• Memory telling- social functions

  developing intimacy through sharing of past event
• Memory Telling- personal functions

  reflecting on past events to better understand one's self
• Systems Approach

  interactions between biological, social, and historical contexts
• Affiliation vs Abandonment

  psychosocial conflict of early adolescence. Evolutionary need to belong
• Peers

  Young adolescents chose friends who are similar to themselves in terms of gender and interests
• Attachment and Narratives

  securely attached children experience early reminiscing
• Most Common Attachment Style

  Secure. Generally happy and enjoy being around parents. Feeling of protection, and dependability
• Insecure-Disorganized Attachment + Strange Situation

  No consistent way of coping with stress. Range of undirected behavioural responses. Even in presence of caregiver they want to escape
• Insecure/Avoidant Attachment + Strange Situation

  seem indifferent towards caregiver and may even avoid them. Children not distressed and ignore caregiver upon return
• Insecure-Ambivalent Attachment + Strange Situation

  Combine strong contact with resistant contact. infant becomes very upset when caregiver leaves. When they return they are not easily comforted
• Secure Attachment + Strange Situation

  high-quality with attachment figure. Upset when caregiver leaves, but happy to see them return and recovers quickly from distress
• Strange Situation

  Parent and infant enter new room and then parent leaves. Response of infant to the returning parent
• Broader Community Contexts

  school climate and structure, neighbourhood and community
• Friendships and Peer Groups

  Second largest identity influence. support and understanding from peers. Motivation from peers. Influence risky behaviours
• The Family

  Largest influence on identity formation. Authoritative parenting style and secure attachment. Parents and child socialize eachother
• Contexts affecting early adolescent identity development

  Relational changes and parents + peers
• 3 elements of one's self

  Sexual identity, sex role, sexual orientation
• Identity and Sexuality

  coming to terms with new sense of sexual identity.
• Time of Pubertal Changes: Implications

  Early maturers= positive for boys

  Late maturers= positive for girls. Late puberty = identity crisis for boys. Early puberty = identity crisis for girls
• Pubertal Implications

  concerned with physical changes and appearances. Biological changes are negative for girls but positive for boys
• Societal Influences

  different countires and cultures have different meaning and traditions
• Psychological Issues

  Affiliation + abandonment cause identity concern. Finding ones way in the school system. Differentiate one's self from their parents. New body changes into personal identity
• 5 general areas of puberty

  Growth spurt, body fat + muscle, circulatory + respiratory changes, sexual characteristics + organ maturation, change in endocrine + hormonal system
• Biological Processes

  Puberty is continuing changes. Biggest physical change is new identity
• Chronological Age + Psychosocial Tasks

  11-14yrs. Puberty, complex thinking, the self, relationships from school