Bio II Chapter 2 Flashcards

• van der Waals forces


  atoms of 2 molecules are in close proximity
• molecular weight


  sum of atomic weights in all atoms of the molecule
• radioisotopes


  unstable; give off of spontaneous energy
• where are both oxygen isotopes?

  animals and everything they consume
• enamel


  hard surface of teeth; made up of calcium phosphate
• reversible reactions are most common in what reactions

  synthesis and decomposition reactions
• exchange reactions


  2 molecules exchange atoms or groups of atoms
• decomposition reactions


  large reactants to small products
• synthesis reactions


  smaller reactants to large products
• how does a solute dissolve in H2O?

  charged by having ion-dipoles and they offer hydrogens (hydrogen bonds)
• hydrophilic characteristic

  soluble
• example of hydrophobic element

  methane
• hydrophobic characteristics

  no dipole, repel dipole
• hydropobic

  hate water
• hydrophilic

  love water
• example of induced temporary dipoles

  static cling in geckos
• original temporary dipoles are formed from

  the concentration of electrons that are nonpolar and form a dipole
• what are london forces?


  transient
• weakest type of bonds?

  London Forces
• how do plants survive?

  adhesion
• what powers hydrogen bonds?


  dipoles
• intramolecular

  one molecule
• intermolecular

  different molecules
• example of ionic bond

  Na and Cl
• what bond is common in water molecules?


  dipole
• example of polar covalent bond

  Oxygen and phosphorous
• example of nonpolar covalent bond

  CH4 (methane)
• polar covalent bond

  large electronegativity difference
• nonpolar covalent bond

  similar electronegativity
• octet rule


  atoms react by gaining or losing electrons so as to acquire the stable electron structure of a noble gas, usually eight valence electrons
• covalent bonds

  share valence electrons; strongest bio bond
• ionic bonds


  charge force attractive
• example of solution


  mineral water
• example of suspension

  blood
• suspension characteristics


  cells floating and opaque
• solution characteristics


  separate and see through
• solvent


  liquid solute is being dissolved into
• solute

  thing being dissolved
• when things are physically combined what bonds are there?

  NONE
• anions

  negatively charged ions; more electrons than protons