1.5

• Gills & Lungs can live on land and water
• Most organisms have four legs
• Birds have feathers on body and scales on legs
• Birds maintain a constant internal body temperature
• Birds lay hard eggs
• Internal fertilisation in birds, with birth through eggs
• Arthropods are invertebrates that do not have a backbone
• All arthropods have three standard features:

  • Exoskeleton
  • Jointed legs
  • Segmented body
• Crustaceans (e.g. crabs):

  • Have an exoskeleton and one pair of compound eyes
  • Two body segments - cephalothorax, abdomen
  • Have more than four pairs of legs (10-14 legs)
• Arachnids (e.g. spiders):

  • Have two body segments - cephalothorax and abdomen
  • Four pairs of legs (8 legs)
• Myriapods (e.g. centipedes):

  • Have a segmented body
  • One pair of antennae
  • 10+ pairs of legs - 1 or 2 pairs on each segment
• Insects (e.g. bees):

  • Have three body segments - head, thorax, and abdomen
  • Three pairs of jointed legs (6 legs)
  • One pair of antennae
  • 1 or 2 pairs of wings
• Ferns:

  • Do not produce flowers/seeds
  • Plants with roots, stems, and feathery leaves
  • Reproduce by spores
• Flowering plants:

  • Plants with roots, stems, and leaves
  • Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
  • Seeds are produced inside the ovary in the flower
• Viruses are not part of any classification system due to not being considered living things
• Viruses take over a host cell's metabolic pathways to make multiple copies of themselves

  • Virus structure contains only genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat
• All living things are made of cells
• New cells are produced by the division of existing cells
• All typical cells have:

  • Cell Membrane: controls movement in and out of cells
  • Cytoplasm: where chemical reactions take place
  • Nucleus: contains DNA and controls the cell
  • Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration happens
  • Ribosome: allows protein synthesis
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: studded with ribosomes, looks rough under the microscope
• Plant cells also have:

  • Vacuole: cell sap to keep cell turgid
  • Cell Wall: rigid to hold the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell
  • Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
• Monocotyledons:

  • One cotyledon/One-seed leaf
  • Parallel veins
  • Long Narrow Leaf
  • 3 Flower Parts
  • Scattered Vascular Bundles
• Dicotyledons:

  • Two cotyledons/Two-seed leaf
  • Branching veins
  • Broad leaves
  • 4 or 5 Flower Parts
  • Ringed Vascular Bundles