The smallest part of an element that can exist. Everything is made up of Atoms.
Atomic Nucleus
Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it on shells (energy levels).
Atomic Number
The amount of protons in the atom.
Chromatography
A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases.
Compound
A substance made up of two or more types of Atoms chemically bonded together.
Crystallisation
A separation technique used to produce solidcrystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.
Displacement
A reaction in which a morereactive element displaces a lessreactive element from its compound.
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus at different energy levels (Shells). Very small mass (negligible).
Electron Shell
Different energy levels in Atoms occupied by electrons.
Element
A substance made up of one type of atom only.
Filtration
A separation method to separate insoluble solids from liquids.
Fractional Distillation
A method of separation to separate objects based on their differing boiling points.
Group (Periodic Table)
The columns of the periodic Table represent different groups of elements. All elements within the group have similar properties. Group number represents amount of electrons in the outer energy level (shell).
Halogens
The elements in group 7 of the periodic Table.
Ion
A charged atom due to the gain/loss of electrons.
Isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Mass Number
The amount of protons + neutrons in an atom.
Metals
Elements that react to form positive ions. They are found to the left and the bottom of the periodic Table.
Mixture
A substance containing two or more elements not chemically bonded together.
Neutron
A neutrally charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.
Noble Gasses
The elements in group 0 of the periodic Table.
Non-metals
Elements that react to form negative ions. They are found towards the right and top of the periodic Table.
Nuclear Model
The nuclear Model stated that the mass was concentrated in the centre of the atom and that the nucleus was charged.
Periodic Table
The Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number in such a way that elements with similar properties can be found in the same column (Group).
Plum Pudding Model
Atomic model made after the discovery of the electron. The model suggests that the atom is a ball of proton (positive charge) with electrons randomly dotted throughout.
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle found in the centre of the atom (Nucleus). Relative mass of 1.
Relative Mass
An average value that takes account of the abundance of isotopes of the element.
Simple distillation
A method by which elements with differentboilingpoints can be separated.
Transition Metals
The collection of elements in the middle of the periodic Table.